Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27044393›Full record

Observational studyBMC family practice2016

Combined effects of sleep quality and depression on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Pan Zhang, Peian Lou, Guiqiu Chang, Peipei Chen, Lei Zhang, Ting Li, Cheng Qiao

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC family practice, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Article
  7. Concept analysis of diabetes-related quality of life.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025
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  12. Stress and human health in diabetes: A report from the 19Journal of clinical and translational science · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Pan ZhangSchool of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Peian LouDepartment of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 42 West Erhuan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. lpa82835415@126.com.
Guiqiu ChangDepartment of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China.
Peipei ChenDepartment of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China.
Lei ZhangDepartment of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China.
Ting LiDepartment of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China.
Cheng QiaoDepartment of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPoor sleep quality and depression negatively impact the health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes, but the combined effect of the two factors is unknown. This study aimed to assess the interactive effects of poor sleep quality and depression on the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

methodsPatients with type 2 diabetes (n = 944) completed the Diabetes Specificity Quality of Life scale (DSQL) and questionnaires on sleep quality and depression. The products of poor sleep quality and depression were added to the logistic regression model to evaluate their multiplicative interactions, which were expressed as the relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion (AP) of interaction, and the synergy index (S).

resultsPoor sleep quality and depressive symptoms both increased DSQL scores. The co-presence of poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms significantly reduced DSQL scores by a factor of 3.96 on biological interaction measures. The relative excess risk of interaction was 1.08. The combined effect of poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms was observed only in women.

conclusionsPatients with both depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality are at an increased risk of reduction in diabetes-related quality of life, and this risk is particularly high for women due to the interaction effect. Clinicians should screen for and treat sleep difficulties and depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

Quality of LifeAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHealth Status IndicatorsHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedSelf ReportSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersSurveys and QuestionnairesAttributable proportionDepressionDiabetes specificity quality of life scaleInteractionRelative excess risk of interactionSleep qualitySynergy indexType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID27044393
PMCPMC4820902

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.