Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27044094›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016

Culture shapes the evolution of cognition.

Bill Thompson, Simon Kirby, Kenny Smith

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Moral stereotyping in large language models.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Norms emerge through iterated learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Living on the edge: the evolution of spatial cognition in food-caching chickadees.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. What made us "hunter-gatherers of words".Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023
    Article
  10. From evolutionary ecosystem simulations to computational models of human behavior.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science · 2022
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Human biases limit cumulative innovation.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Culture without copying or selection.Evolutionary human sciences · 2021
    Article
  17. Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Bill ThompsonArtificial Intelligence Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom bill@ai.vub.ac.be.
Simon KirbySchool of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom.
Kenny SmithSchool of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A central debate in cognitive science concerns the nativist hypothesis, the proposal that universal features of behavior reflect a biologically determined cognitive substrate: For example, linguistic nativism proposes a domain-specific faculty of language that strongly constrains which languages can be learned. An evolutionary stance appears to provide support for linguistic nativism, because coordinated constraints on variation may facilitate communication and therefore be adaptive. However, language, like many other human behaviors, is underpinned by social learning and cultural transmission alongside biological evolution. We set out two models of these interactions, which show how culture can facilitate rapid biological adaptation yet rule out strong nativization. The amplifying effects of culture can allow weak cognitive biases to have significant population-level consequences, radically increasing the evolvability of weak, defeasible inductive biases; however, the emergence of a strong cultural universal does not imply, nor lead to, nor require, strong innate constraints. From this we must conclude, on evolutionary grounds, that the strong nativist hypothesis for language is false. More generally, because such reciprocal interactions between cultural and biological evolution are not limited to language, nativist explanations for many behaviors should be reconsidered: Evolutionary reasoning shows how we can have cognitively driven behavioral universals and yet extreme plasticity at the level of the individual-if, and only if, we account for the human capacity to transmit knowledge culturally. Wherever culture is involved, weak cognitive biases rather than strong innate constraints should be the default assumption.

Indexed as

CultureLanguageCognitionFemaleHumansMalecultureevolutionlanguagenativism

Identifiers

PMID27044094
PMCPMC4843472

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.