ArticleJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology2016
A Retrospective Study of Clinical Effects of Powdered Caffeine Exposures Reported to Three US Poison Control Centers.
Article in Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Coffee and Energy Drink Intake with Suicide Attempts and Suicide Ideation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Caffeine and the Young Heart: A Systematic Review of Arrhythmogenic Risks in Children and Adolescents.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- Caffeine and the Young Heart: A Systematic Review of Arrhythmogenic Risks in Children and Adolescents.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- Toxicology of caffeine poisoning: molecular mechanisms, toxicokinetic profiles, and clinical implications.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Pediatric Exposures Associated with Caffeine Energy Products Reported to United States Poison Centers, 2011-2023.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2025Article
- Unwanted Clinical Complications Following the Consumption of Death Coffee: A Case Series.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Article
- Pill-induced esophagitis caused by ingesting excessive caffeine tablets.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2020Article
- Psychosis following caffeine consumption in a young adolescent: Review of case and literature.Annals of African medicineReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAnhydrous caffeine, often sold on the Internet as a powdered caffeine product, is sold as "pure caffeine" to be used as an additive to beverages and has also been used as an ingredient in energy supplement products.
methodsThis is a retrospective multiple-poison center chart review of calls regarding powdered caffeine to poison centers covering Oregon, Alaska, Guam, Washington, and Utah between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2015.
resultsThere were 40 calls to three poison centers over 30 months for powdered caffeine exposure. The majority of patients were over age 19 (52.5 %; 21/40) and male (70 %; 28/40). Sixty percent (24/40) of the patients were symptomatic but only 10 % (4/40) required admission; 52.5 % (21/40) of the patient calls were for inadvertent overdose of powdered caffeine; one patient overdosed in a self-harm attempt. DISCUSSION: Powdered caffeine calls to three poison centers during a 30-month study period were rare, and severe caffeine toxicity due to exposure was found in few patients. The majority of symptoms were reported after an inadvertent powdered caffeine overdose.
conclusionsAn analysis of calls to three poison centers for powdered caffeine found that exposures were uncommon, but did result in toxicity, and highlighted that the lack of clear dosing instructions on product packaging may place patients at risk of inadvertent overdose.
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Registered trials
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