Observational studyMedicine2016
Understanding Cross-Sectional Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Antiretroviral Use and Viral Suppression Among HIV Patients in the United States.
Observational study in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of a Combined Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Substance Use and Improve HIV-Related Immune Functioning.AIDS and behavior · 2022Trial
- Lessons From Building a Large, Public HIV-Related Database in Support of the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the US Initiative.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- The intersecting effects of race/ethnicity, wealth, education, and gender on AIDS among 28.3 million Brazilians.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Resilience, and Personality Traits as Independent Correlates of Perceived Treatment Management Abilities in Middle-Aged and Older People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Policy Recommendations to Support Equitable Access to Long-Acting Injectables for HIV Prevention and Treatment: A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in HIV Care and Viral Suppression at Jail Entry.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Age and Race Disparities in Viral Suppression and the Moderating Effect of Substance Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of first-line lamivudine/dolutegravir antiretroviral therapy in persons with HIV: real-life data from the ICONA Foundation cohort.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Untangling Discrimination: The Impact of Internalizing Oppression on HIV Treatment Engagement Among Young Black Sexual Minority Men in the Southern US.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Health System-Level Implementation of Digital Health Support for People Living With HIV and Substance Use Disorders: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized, Stepped-Wedge Clinical Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Modeling the Mediating Effects of HIV-Related Stigma on the Associations Between Race/Ethnicity and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Viral Suppression Among Diverse Racial and Ethnic Minority Women with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Social Engagement and Neurocognition in Latino and Non-Latino White Older Persons with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Interest in and Preference for Long-acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy in the Era of Approved Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine Among Reproductive-aged Women in the US South.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Coping strategies associated with art adherence among older adults living with HIV, South Carolina.Psychology, health & medicine · 2025Article
- Limited preventive care among Medicaid enrollees with HIV in the US South.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Patient-Reported Outcomes Among People Living With HIV Switching to an Oral Dual Therapy: Results From the PROBI Study.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of women with HIV in the RESPOND cohort: A descriptive analysis and comparison to men.HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Disparities Among Medicare Beneficiaries with HIV.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Observational
- Prevalence of anal cytology screening among persons with HIV and lack of access to high-resolution anoscopy at HIV care facilities.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Article
- Using Causal Bayesian Networks to Assess the Role of Patient-Centered Care and Psychosocial Factors on Durable HIV Viral Suppression.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To examine racial/ethnic and gender disparities in antiretroviral (ART) use and viral suppression among HIV-infected persons in care and identify factors that might account for observed disparities. The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a complex sample survey of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States. We used weighted interview and medical record data collected 06/2009 to 05/2012 to estimate the prevalence of ART use and viral suppression among gender-stratified racial/ethnic groups. We used χ² tests to identify significant differences in outcomes between white men versus other groups, and logistic regression models to identify the most parsimonious set of factors that could account for each observed difference. We found no significant disparity in ART use between white and Hispanic men, and no disparities between white men and white and Hispanic women after adjustment for disease stage, age, and poverty. Disparities in ART use between white men and black persons persisted after adjusting for other factors, but the observed differences were relatively small. Differences in ART use and adherence, demographic characteristics, and social determinants of health such as poverty, education, and insurance accounted for the observed disparities in viral suppression between white men and all groups except black men. In our model, accounting for these factors reduced the prevalence difference in viral suppression between white and black men by almost half. We found that factors associated with disparities differed among men and women of the same race/ethnicity, lending support to the assertion that gender affects access to care and health status among HIV-infected patients. In addition to supporting efforts to increase ART use and adherence among persons living with HIV, our analysis provides evidence for the importance of social determinants of health in understanding racial/ethnic and gender differences in ART use and viral suppression.
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