ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2016
How Does Sex Influence Multimorbidity? Secondary Analysis of a Large Nationally Representative Dataset.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of mental health and quality of life outcomes in primary care databases in the UK: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
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- Co-expressed MicroRNAs Associated with An Elevated Psychometabolic Risk Phenotype in Women during Midlife.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Co-expressed microRNAs associated with elevated psychometabolic risk phenotype in women during midlife.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Intersecting trajectories of childhood ADHD, socioeconomic deprivation and distinct multimorbidity patterns in women.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Identification and replication of sex-dimorphic protein quantitative trait loci across multiple ancestries and their associations with diseases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cluster and survival analysis of UK biobank data reveals associations between physical multimorbidity clusters and subsequent depression.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Multimorbid life expectancy across race, socio-economic status, and sex in South Africa.Population studies · 2025Article
- Demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with multiple morbidities at 40 years of age: the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- A longitudinal Analysis of the Association between Socioeconomic Position and Multimorbidity in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study.Aging and disease · 2024Article
- Impact of age and gender differences in the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in the Thai Cohort Study.International health · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in the Role of Multimorbidity on Poststroke Disability: The Taiwan Stroke Registry.Neurology · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Multimorbidities and Patient-Reported Quality of Life.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of physical multimorbidity on cognitive decline trajectories among adults aged 50 years and older with different wealth status: a 17-year population-based cohort study.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Ethnic differences in physical and mental multimorbidity in working age adults with a history of depression and/or anxiety.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Gender Differences in Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use among Older Adults.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sex differences in non-communicable disease multimorbidity among adults aged 45 years or older in India.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Multimorbidity, Inappropriate Medication and Adverse Outcomes of Inpatient Care: MoPIM Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multimorbidity increases with age and is generally more common in women, but little is known about sex effects on the "typology" of multimorbidity. We have characterized multimorbidity in a large nationally representative primary care dataset in terms of sex in ten year age groups from 25 years to 75 years and over, in a cross-sectional analysis of multimorbidity type (physical-only, mental-only, mixed physical and mental; and commonest conditions) for 1,272,685 adults in Scotland. Our results show that women had more multimorbidity overall in every age group, which was most pronounced in the 45-54 years age group (women 26.5% vs. men 19.6%; difference 6.9 (95% CI 6.5 to 7.2). From the age of 45, physical-only multimorbidity was consistently more common in men, and physical-mental multimorbidity more common in women. The biggest difference in physical-mental multimorbidity was found in the 75 years and over group (women 30.9% vs. men 21.2%; difference 9.7 (95% CI 9.1 to 10.2). The commonest condition in women was depression until the age of 55 years, thereafter hypertension. In men, drugs misuse had the highest prevalence in those aged 25-34 years, depression for those aged 35-44 years, and hypertension for 45 years and over. Depression, pain, irritable bowel syndrome and thyroid disorders were more common in women than men across all age groups. We conclude that the higher overall prevalence of multimorbidity in women is mainly due to more mixed physical and mental health problems. The marked difference between the sexes over 75 years especially warrants further investigation.
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