Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27042235›Full record

ArticleMobile DNA2016

Active recombinant Tol2 transposase for gene transfer and gene discovery applications.

Jun Ni, Kirk J Wangensteen, David Nelsen, Darius Balciunas, Kimberly J Skuster, Mark D Urban, Stephen C Ekker

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Mobile DNA, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Versatile CRISPR-Cas Tools for Gene Regulation in Zebrafish via an Enhanced Q Binary System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Current Non-Viral-Based Strategies to Manufacture CAR-T Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
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  5. Precise Gene Knock-In Tools with Minimized Risk of DSBs: A Trend for Gene Manipulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Review
  6. Article
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  8. Review
  9. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Codon optimizedmicroPublication biology · 2020
    Article
  14. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jun NiDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, 1342C Guggenheim, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Kirk J WangensteenDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ; University of Pennsylvania, 9 Penn Tower, 3400 Spruce ST, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
David NelsenDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
Darius BalciunasDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA ; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
Kimberly J SkusterDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, 1342C Guggenheim, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
Mark D UrbanDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, 1342C Guggenheim, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
Stephen C EkkerDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, 1342C Guggenheim, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
Mayo Clinic · USUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

PILOT AND FEASIBILTY PROGRAMP30DK084567 · NIDDK · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI GREGORY J. GORES · 2009 to 2026
$22.2M
Systematic Vertebrate Functional GenomicsR01GM063904 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI EKKER, STEPHEN CARL · 2001 to 2025
$10.7M
Intron-based Mutagenic Transposons for ZebrafishR01DA014546 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI EKKER, STEPHEN CARL · 2001 to 2011
$3.5M
International Zebrafish Mutagenic Protein TrapR01HG006431 · NHGRI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI EKKER, STEPHEN CARL · 2011 to 2016
$3.3M
Systematic Vertebrate Functional GenomicsR56GM063904 · NIGMS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI EKKER, STEPHEN CARL · 2009 to 2010
$611k
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG006431NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA014546NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK084567NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM063904NIGMS NIH HHS R56 GM063904
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe revolutionary concept of "jumping genes" was conceived by McClintock in the late 1940s while studying the Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) system in maize. Transposable elements (TEs) represent the most abundant component of many eukaryotic genomes. Mobile elements are a driving force of eukaryotic genome evolution. McClintock's Ac, the autonomous element of the Ac/Ds system, together with hobo from Drosophila and Tam3 from snapdragon define an ancient and diverse DNA transposon superfamily named hAT. Other members of the hAT superfamily include the insect element Hermes and Tol2 from medaka. In recent years, genetic tools derived from the 'cut' and 'paste' Tol2 DNA transposon have been widely used for genomic manipulation in zebrafish, mammals and in cells in vitro.

resultsWe report the purification of a functional recombinant Tol2 protein from E.coli. We demonstrate here that following microinjection using a zebrafish embryo test system, purified Tol2 transposase protein readily catalyzes gene transfer in both somatic and germline tissues in vivo. We show that purified Tol2 transposase can promote both in vitro cutting and pasting in a defined system lacking other cellular factors. Notably, our analysis of Tol2 transposition in vitro reveals that the target site preference observed for Tol2 in complex host genomes is maintained using a simpler target plasmid test system, indicating that the primary sequence might encode intrinsic cues for transposon integration.

conclusionsThis active Tol2 protein is an important new tool for diverse applications including gene discovery and molecular medicine, as well as for the biochemical analysis of transposition and regulation of hAT transposon/genome interactions. The measurable but comparatively modest insertion site selection bias noted for Tol2 is largely determined by the primary sequence encoded in the target sequence as assessed through studying Tol2 protein-mediated transposition in a cell-free system.

Indexed as

hAT superfamilyRecombinant transposase proteinTol2 transposaseTransposition site preferenceZebrafish

Identifiers

PMID27042235
PMCPMC4818426
OpenAlexW2323507567

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.