ReviewInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2016
Bacterial-viral load and the immune response in stable and exacerbated COPD: significance and therapeutic prospects.
Review in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial infections in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infection · 2020Pooled it
- Analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid microbial flora in COPD patients at different lung function during acute exacerbation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Class-acquired influenza is more severe than non-class-acquired influenza: a survey for multi-school teachers.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Treatable traits identified in Chinese patients hospitalized with AECOPD: A Multicenter Cohort Study.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- The use of antibiotics in the early stage of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients without obvious signs of infection: a multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Lactose-Modified Hyaluronic Acid Molecules on Primary Bronchial Fibroblasts of Smokers.Polymers · 2023Article
- Caveolin-1 Promotes the Imbalance of Th17/Treg in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Regulating Hsp70 Expression.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Airway pathogens detected in stable and exacerbated COPD in patients in Asia-Pacific.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- Patient-Centered Discussion on End-of-Life Care for Patients with Advanced COPD.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Annals of medicine · 2021Review
- Lung microbiome of stable and exacerbated COPD patients in Tshwane, South Africa.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Phenotyping acute exacerbation of COPD: what more can we do for hospitalised patients?ERJ open research · 2021Article
- Participation of ABCA1 Transporter in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Role of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Regulation of T-Helper Immune Response in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Canadian respiratory journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Interactions of Bacteriophages and Bacteria at the Airway Mucosa: New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Asthma.Frontiers in allergy · 2020Review
- The Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Review
- How Do Innate Immune Cells Contribute to Airway Remodeling in COPD Progression?International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Review
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease upper airway microbiota alpha diversity is associated with exacerbation phenotype: a case-control observational study.Respiratory research · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung. Bacteria and viruses are a major cause of COPD exacerbations and may contribute to COPD progression by perpetuating the inflammatory response in the airways. Bacterial variety diminishes with increasing COPD severity. Respiratory viruses can colonize the lower respiratory tract in stable COPD, altering the respiratory microbiome and facilitating secondary bacterial infections. In this review, we present the most updated information about the role of bacteria and viruses in stable and exacerbated COPD. In our opinion, to optimize therapeutic strategies, the dynamic events involving bacterial-viral infections and related immune response in COPD phenotypes need to be better clarified. Our paper would address these points that we consider of great importance for the clinical management of COPD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.