ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2016
Laquinimod in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review of the data so far.
Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of laquinimod versus placebo in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Pooled it
- The effects and side effects of laquinimod for the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Safety and Biodistribution of Topical Laquinimod, an Immunomodulator Targeting Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: The LION Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Kynurenines and Mitochondrial Disturbances in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Development of novel neutralizing single-chain fragment variable antibodies against S100A8.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Re-establishing immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis: focusing on novel mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell regulation of Th17/Treg balance.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- The Features of Shared Genes among Transcriptomes Probed in Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, and Inflammatory Acne: S100A9 Selection as the Target Gene.Protein and peptide letters · 2024Article
- Natural killer cells in the central nervous system.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Cellular and Molecular Evidence of Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis and Treatment Challenges.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Brain Atrophy as an Outcome of Disease-Modifying Therapy for Remitting-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis international · 2023Review
- Repurposing MS immunotherapies for CIDP and other autoimmune neuropathies: unfulfilled promise or efficient strategy?Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Review
- Review
- Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Reviewing the Significance of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Multiple Sclerosis Pathology and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis-Essential Constituents with Diverse Multifaceted Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Laquinimod dampens IL-1β signaling and Th17-polarizing capacity of monocytes in patients with MS.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Phosphorylation of myelin regulatory factor by PRKG2 mediates demyelination in Huntington's disease.EMBO reports · 2020Article
- The interaction of Multiple Sclerosis risk loci with Epstein-Barr virus phenotypes implicates the virus in pathogenesis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences for Therapy Development.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Review
- Impact of trial design and patient heterogeneity on the identification of clinically effective therapies for progressive MS.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Laquinimod (ABR-215062) is a new orally available carboxamide derivative, which is currently developed for relapsing remitting (RR) and chronic progressive (CP) forms of multiple sclerosis (MS; RRMS or CPMS) as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Its mechanism of action may comprise immunomodulatory effects on T-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells as well as neuroprotective effects with prominent actions on astrocytes. Laquinimod was tested in Phase II and III clinical trials in RRMS at different dosages ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 mg/day. The compound was well tolerated, yet at the dosages tested only led to moderate effects on the reduction of relapse rates as primary study endpoint in Phase III trials. In contrast, significant effects on brain atrophy and disease progression were observed. While there were no significant safety signals in the clinical trials, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) refused marketing authorization for RRMS based on the assessment of the risk-benefit ratio with regard to data from animal studies. At present, the compound is further tested in RRMS as well as CPMS and Huntington's disease at different concentrations. Results from these trials will further inform about the clinical benefit of laquinimod in patient cohorts with a persisting, but still insufficiently met need for safe and at the same time effective oral compounds with neuroprotective effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.