Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27041864›Full record

ArticlePharmacognosy magazine2016

Protective Mechanisms of Thymoquinone on Methotrexate-induced Intestinal Toxicity in Rats.

Azza A El-Sheikh, Mohamed A Morsy, Azza H Hamouda

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Article in Pharmacognosy magazine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Review
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  9. Effect ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2023
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  13. Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
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  17. Article
  18. Protective effects of thymoquinone and diallyl sulphide against malathion-induced toxicity in rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Azza A El-SheikhDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt.
Mohamed A MorsyDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Azza H HamoudaDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt.
Minia University · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntestinal toxicity is a serious side effect in methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy.

objectiveTo investigate the mechanisms by which the anticancer drug MTX-induced intestinal damage could be prevented by thymoquinone (TQ), an active ingredient of Nigella sativa. MATERIALS AND

methodsTQ was given orally for 10 days, and MTX toxicity was induced at the end of day 3 of the experiment, with or without TQ pretreatment.

resultsMTX caused intestinal damage, represented by distortion in normal intestinal histological structure, with significant oxidative stress, exhibited as decrease in reduced glutathione concentration and catalase activity, along with significant increase in malondialdehyde level compared to control group. MTX also caused nitrosative stress evident by increased intestinal nitric oxide (NO) level, with up-regulation of inducible NO synthase expression shown in immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, MTX caused inflammatory effects as evident by up-regulation of intestinal necrosis factor-kappa beta and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions, which were confirmed by increased intestinal tumor necrosis factor-alpha level via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, MTX caused apoptotic effect, as it up-regulated intestinal caspase 3 expression. Concomitant TQ significantly reversed the MTX-induced intestinal toxic effects by reversing intestinal microscopic damage, as well as significantly improving oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers tested compared to MTX alone.

conclusionTQ may possess beneficial intestinal protective effects as an adjuvant co-drug against MTX intestinal toxicity during cancer chemotherapy. TQ protection is conferred via antioxidant, anti-nitrosative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. SUMMARY: Methotrexate induces oxidative and nitrosative stress in intestinal tissuesMethotrexate also initiates inflammatory and apoptotic intestinal injuryThymoquinone co-administration ameliorates methotrexate-induced intestinal toxicityThymoquinone has antioxidative, anti-nitrosative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Abbreviations used: COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2, ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, H and E: Hematoxylin and eosin, iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, MDA: Malondialdehyde, MTX: Methotrexate, NO: Nitric oxide, NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB, GSH: Reduced glutathione, TQ: Thymoquinone, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Indexed as

Caspase 3inducible nitric oxide synthaseintestinemethotrexatenecrosis factor-kappa betathymoquinone

Identifiers

PMID27041864
PMCPMC4792005
OpenAlexW2345450983

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.