ArticleBiochemistry2016
Binding of Clinical Inhibitors to a Model Precursor of a Rationally Selected Multidrug Resistant HIV-1 Protease Is Significantly Weaker Than That to the Released Mature Enzyme.
Article in Biochemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conformational Dynamics of Viral Protease Precursors in Maturation, Inhibition, and Drug-Resistance Development.Viruses · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms of protease precursor autoprocessing of RNA viruses: a comprehensive review.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Viral proteases as therapeutic targets.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2022Review
- Revertant mutation V48G alters conformational dynamics of highly drug resistant HIV protease PRS17.Journal of molecular graphics & modelling · 2021Article
- Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug Targets.Viruses · 2021Review
- Novel HIV PR inhibitors with C4-substituted bis-THF and bis-fluoro-benzyl target the two active site mutations of highly drug resistant mutant PRBiochemical and biophysical research communications · 2021Article
- Review
- Acquired HIV-1 Protease Conformational Flexibility Associated with Lopinavir Failure May Shape the Outcome of Darunavir Therapy after Antiretroviral Therapy Switch.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Spontaneous Mutations in HIV-1 Gag, Protease, RT p66 in the First Replication Cycle and How They Appear: Insights from an In Vitro Assay on Mutation Rates and Types.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Highly drug-resistant HIV-1 protease reveals decreased intra-subunit interactions due to clusters of mutations.The FEBS journal · 2020Article
- Potent antiviral HIV-1 protease inhibitor combats highly drug resistant mutant PR20.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2019Article
- Reviewing HIV-1 Gag Mutations in Protease Inhibitors Resistance: Insights for Possible Novel Gag Inhibitor Designs.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Highly Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Protease Mutant PRS17 Shows Enhanced Binding to Substrate Analogues.ACS omega · 2019Article
- Analysis of drug resistance in HIV protease.BMC bioinformatics · 2018Article
- Inhibition of the precursor and mature forms of HIV-1 protease as a tool for drug evaluation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Context-dependent autoprocessing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease precursors.PloS one · 2018Article
- Decoding HIV resistance: from genotype to therapy.Future medicinal chemistry · 2017Review
- Structural analyses of 2015-updated drug-resistant mutations in HIV-1 protease: an implication of protease inhibitor cross-resistance.BMC bioinformatics · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have systematically validated the activity and inhibition of a HIV-1 protease (PR) variant bearing 17 mutations (PR(S17)), selected to represent high resistance by machine learning on genotype-phenotype data. Three of five mutations in PR(S17) correlating with major drug resistance, M46L, G48V, and V82S, and five of 11 natural variations differ from the mutations in two clinically derived extreme mutants, PR20 and PR22 bearing 19 and 22 mutations, respectively. PR(S17), which forms a stable dimer (<10 nM), is ∼10- and 2-fold less efficient in processing the Gag polyprotein than the wild type and PR20, respectively, but maintains the same cleavage order. Isolation of a model precursor of PR(S17) flanked by the 56-amino acid transframe region (TFP-p6pol) at its N-terminus, which is impossible upon expression of an analogous PR20 precursor, allowed systematic comparison of inhibition of TFP-p6pol-PR(S17) and mature PR(S17). Resistance of PR(S17) to eight protease inhibitors (PIs) relative to PR (Ki) increases by 1.5-5 orders of magnitude from 0.01 to 8.4 μM. Amprenavir, darunavir, atazanavir, and lopinavir, the most effective of the eight PIs, inhibit precursor autoprocessing at the p6pol/PR site with IC50 values ranging from ∼7.5 to 60 μM. Thus, this process, crucial for stable dimer formation, shows inhibition ∼200-800-fold weaker than that of the mature PR(S17). TFP/p6pol cleavage, which occurs faster, is inhibited even more weakly by all PIs except darunavir (IC50 = 15 μM); amprenavir shows a 2-fold increase in IC50 (∼15 μM), and atazanavir and lopinavir show increased IC50 values of >42 and >70 μM, respectively.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.