ArticleNeuroImage2016
Sex differences in the functional connectivity of the amygdalae in association with cortisol.
Article in NeuroImage, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Network Centrality and Modularity of Structural Covariance Networks in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Multisite ENIGMA-PGC Study.Brain connectivity · 2023Pooled it
- The capacity of action observation to drag the trainees' motor pattern toward the observed model.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Effects of exogenous oxytocin and estradiol on resting-state functional connectivity in women and men.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Sex-specific effects of low-dose hydrocortisone on threat detection in HIV.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Trial
- How is your mind-set? Proof of concept for the measurement of the level of emotional development.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Sex differences in neural stress responses over psychosocial stress exposure.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction at the intersection of alcohol use disorder and chronic pain.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Sex-related differences in the cortico-thalamo-cerebellar circuit in patients with schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Social stress, cortisol awakening response and sex: association with hippocampus and amygdala volume.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Microglia reactivity is brain region and sex specific in the context of chronic stress.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Burnout and the Brain-A Mechanistic Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Electroconvulsive therapy-specific volume changes in nuclei of the amygdala and their relationship to long-term anxiety improvement in depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Observational
- Sex Differences in the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Sex classification from functional brain connectivity: Generalization to multiple datasets.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Sex classification from functional brain connectivity: Generalization to multiple datasets Generalizability of sex classifiers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Targeting Human Glucocorticoid Receptors in Fear Learning: A Multiscale Integrated Approach to Study Functional Connectivity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Sex differences in the effects of trait anxiety and age on resting-state functional connectivities of the amygdala.Journal of affective disorders reports · 2023Article
- Testosterone and the Amygdala's Functional Connectivity in Women and Men.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Influence of chronic stress on network states governing valence processing: Potential relevance to the risk for psychiatric illnesses.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2023Review
- The waiting game: investigating the neurobiological transition from acute to persistent pain in adolescent rats.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human amygdalae are involved in various behavioral functions such as affective and stress processing. For these behavioral functions, as well as for psychophysiological arousal including cortisol release, sex differences are reported. Here, we assessed cortisol levels and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of left and right amygdalae in 81 healthy participants (42 women) to investigate potential modulation of amygdala rsFC by sex and cortisol concentration. Our analyses revealed that rsFC of the left amygdala significantly differed between women and men: Women showed stronger rsFC than men between the left amygdala and left middle temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and hippocampus, regions involved in face processing, inner-speech, fear and pain processing. No stronger connections were detected for men and no sex difference emerged for right amygdala rsFC. Also, an interaction of sex and cortisol appeared: In women, cortisol was negatively associated with rsFC of the amygdalae with striatal regions, mid-orbital frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, middle and superior frontal gyri, supplementary motor area and the parietal-occipital sulcus. Contrarily in men, positive associations of cortisol with rsFC of the left amygdala and these structures were observed. Functional decoding analyses revealed an association of the amygdalae and these regions with emotion, reward and memory processing, as well as action execution. Our results suggest that functional connectivity of the amygdalae as well as the regulatory effect of cortisol on brain networks differs between women and men. These sex-differences and the mediating and sex-dependent effect of cortisol on brain communication systems should be taken into account in affective and stress-related neuroimaging research. Thus, more studies including both sexes are required.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.