ArticleGenetics2016
The Genetic Cost of Neanderthal Introgression.
Article in Genetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 206 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection.Nature genetics · 2018Pooled it
- Genetics and genomics of hybridization.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- A tsunami of genome reshuffling.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Rapid genome-wide purging following tsunami-induced hybridization in a stickleback population.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Genomic insights into natural selection in recent human history.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Population Decline, Inbreeding and Hybridization Shape the Genetic Vulnerability of a Critically Endangered Seabird.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Limited Selection on Neanderthal DNA in 30,780 Recently Admixed Genomes with African-like Ancestry.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- Scalable ARG-free Detection of Denisovan-mediated Superarchaic Introgression Reveals Heterogeneous Patterns across Populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Long-term isolation and archaic introgression shape functional genetic variation in Near Oceania.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Introgression and Divergence in a Young Species Group.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Pathogenic variation in human DNA damage repair genes was originated from the evolutionary process of modern humans.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Deep learning reveals genomic regions introgressed between two recurrently hybridizing lynx species.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Recovering signatures of archaic introgression using ancestral recombination graphs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Comparing Neanderthal Introgression Maps Reveals Core Agreement But Substantial Heterogeneity.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Mapping the gene regulatory landscape of archaic hominin introgression in modern Papuans.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans was strongly sex biased.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Recent advances in methods to characterize archaic introgression in modern humans.Genome research · 2026Review
- Endometriosis - on the intersection of modern environmental pollutants and ancient genetic regulatory variants.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2026Article
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Approximately 2-4% of genetic material in human populations outside Africa is derived from Neanderthals who interbred with anatomically modern humans. Recent studies have shown that this Neanderthal DNA is depleted around functional genomic regions; this has been suggested to be a consequence of harmful epistatic interactions between human and Neanderthal alleles. However, using published estimates of Neanderthal inbreeding and the distribution of mutational fitness effects, we infer that Neanderthals had at least 40% lower fitness than humans on average; this increased load predicts the reduction in Neanderthal introgression around genes without the need to invoke epistasis. We also predict a residual Neanderthal mutational load in non-Africans, leading to a fitness reduction of at least 0.5%. This effect of Neanderthal admixture has been left out of previous debate on mutation load differences between Africans and non-Africans. We also show that if many deleterious mutations are recessive, the Neanderthal admixture fraction could increase over time due to the protective effect of Neanderthal haplotypes against deleterious alleles that arose recently in the human population. This might partially explain why so many organisms retain gene flow from other species and appear to derive adaptive benefits from introgression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.