ArticleThe Science of the total environment2016
The impact of a smoke-free policy on environmental tobacco smoke exposure in public housing developments.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations of smoke-free policies in multi-unit housing with smoking behavior and second-hand smoke exposure: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- A Randomized Control Trial to support smoke-free policy compliance in public housing.Research square · 2023Article
- A Matched Analysis of the Association Between Federally Mandated Smoke-Free Housing Policies and Health Outcomes Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children in Subsidized Housing, New York City, 2015-2019.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Long-Term Trends in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in High-Rise Housing Serving Low-Income Residents in New York City: Three-Year Evaluation of a Federal Smoking Ban in Public Housing, 2018-2021.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Guest Support for Outdoor Smoke-Free Policies within a Homeless Shelter.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Peer mentoring for smoking cessation in public housing: A mixed-methods study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Implementing the Federal Smoke-Free Public Housing Policy in New York City: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Policy Impact.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Implementation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development's Smoke-Free Rule: A Socio-Ecological Qualitative Assessment of Administrator and Resident Perceptions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Urinary Cotinine and Cotinine + Trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine (TNE-2) Cut-points for Distinguishing Tobacco Use from Nonuse in the United States: PATH Study (2013-2014).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Observational
- Evaluation of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in New York City Public Housing After Implementation of the 2018 Federal Smoke-Free Housing Policy.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure in public and private high-rise multiunit housing serving low-income residents in New York City prior to federal smoking ban in public housing, 2018.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
- Article
- A qualitative study of the process of adoption, implementation and enforcement of smoke-free policies in privately-owned affordable housing.BMC public health · 2019Article
- A protocol for measuring the impact of a smoke-free housing policy on indoor tobacco smoke exposure.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Implementation and enforcement of smoke-free policies in public housing.Health education research · 2019Article
- Subsidized Housing and Adult Asthma in Boston, 2010-2015.American journal of public health · 2018Article
- Developing Smoke-Free Policies in Public Housing: Perspectives From Early Adopters in 2 Southern States.Preventing chronic disease · 2018Article
- Time to Track Health Outcomes of Smoke-Free Multiunit Housing.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Article
- Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Smoke-free Policy in Philadelphia Public Housing.Tobacco regulatory science · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoke-free housing policies have the potential to reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposures for residents of multi-unit housing. Since common areas represent a pathway of SHS movement between units, smoke-free policies would be expected to reduce SHS in these microenvironments.
methodsWeek-long air nicotine and PM2.5 (particulate matter below 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter) samples were collected in the common areas of 10 Boston Housing Authority (BHA) and 6 Cambridge Housing Authority (CHA) buildings from January 2012 to October 2013. We also measured one outdoor PM level at each study building. Samples from BHA included pre and post- smoke-free policy measurements. Each development was visited three times over the course of the study period. The effect of the smoking ban on indoor PM2.5 was examined using generalized mixed effect models to accommodate repeated measurement at each site. Changes in nicotine concentrations were modeled using quantile mixed regression to reduce the impact of outliers.
resultsAfter controlling for season, site, and background PM2.5 concentrations, PM2.5 levels were 4.05μg/m(3) (p-value=0.09) lower in BHA after the smoke-free policy was implemented in the summer of 2012, compared with CHA developments, which had no smoking policy in place. Similarly, nicotine levels decreased by 57% (p-value=0.08) in Boston relative to Cambridge after the ban.
conclusionsOur findings support the use of smoke-free policies as an effective tool to reduce SHS exposure and protect non-smokers, especially residents of multi-unit housing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.