ArticleMolecular oral microbiology2017
Inactivation of the spxA1 or spxA2 gene of Streptococcus mutans decreases virulence in the rat caries model.
Article in Molecular oral microbiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- SpxA1 and SpxA2 Function as a Stoichiometry-Dependent Regulatory Rheostat Governing Virulence Gene Expression in Group A Streptococcus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genome analysis of colistin-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Oxidative stress response: a critical factor affecting the ecological competitiveness ofJournal of oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Virulence Comparison ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- The LiaFSR Transcriptome Reveals an Interconnected Regulatory Network in Group A Streptococcus.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Incorporation of Apigenin and tt-Farnesol into dental composites to modulate the Streptococcus mutans virulence.Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials · 2021Article
- FFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Regulatory circuits controlling Spx levels in Streptococcus mutans.Molecular microbiology · 2020Article
- Streptococcus mutans SpxA2 relays the signal of cell envelope stress from LiaR to effectors that maintain cell wall and membrane homeostasis.Molecular oral microbiology · 2020Article
- CRISPR-Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Roles and regulation of Spx family transcription factors in Bacillus subtilis and related species.Advances in microbial physiology · 2019Review
- The Biology ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Article
- Effects of Norspermidine on Dual-Species Biofilms Composed ofBioMed research international · 2019Article
- Characterization of the Trehalose Utilization Operon in Streptococcus mutans Reveals that the TreR Transcriptional Regulator Is Involved in Stress Response Pathways and Toxin Production.Journal of bacteriology · 2018Article
- Evaluation of three different decontamination techniques on biofilm formation, and on physical and chemical properties of resin composites.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials · 2018Article
- Nicotine is a risk factor for dental caries: AnJournal of dental sciences · 2018Article
- A Redox-Responsive Transcription Factor Is Critical for Pathogenesis and Aerobic Growth of Listeria monocytogenes.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Evidence that Oxidative Stress Induces spxA2 Transcription in Bacillus anthracis Sterne through a Mechanism Requiring SpxA1 and Positive Autoregulation.Journal of bacteriology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In oral biofilms, the major environmental challenges encountered by Streptococcus mutans are acid and oxidative stresses. Previously, we showed that the transcriptional regulators SpxA1 and SpxA2 are involved in general stress survival of S. mutans with SpxA1 playing a primary role in activation of antioxidant and detoxification strategies whereas SpxA2 serves as a back up activator of oxidative stress genes. We have also found that spxA1 mutant strains (∆spxA1 and ∆spxA1∆spxA2) are outcompeted by peroxigenic oral streptococci in vitro and have impaired abilities to colonize the teeth of rats fed a highly cariogenic diet. Here, we show that the Spx proteins can also exert regulatory roles in the expression of additional virulence attributes of S. mutans. Competence activation is significantly impaired in Δspx strains and the production of mutacin IV and V is virtually abolished in ΔspxA1 strains. Unexpectedly, the ∆spxA2 strain showed increased production of glucans from sucrose, without affecting the total amount of bacteria within biofilms when compared with the parent strain. By using the rat caries model, we showed that the capacity of the ΔspxA1 and ΔspxA2 strains to cause caries on smooth tooth surfaces is significantly impaired. The ∆spxA2 strain also formed fewer lesions on sulcal surfaces. This report reveals that global regulation via Spx contributes to the cariogenic potential of S. mutans and highlights that animal models are essential in the characterization of bacterial traits implicated in virulence.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.