Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27037451›Full record

ArticleJournal of dental education2016

Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge, Perceptions, and Behavior: A Multi-Institutional, Cross-Sectional Study of a Population of U.S. Dental Students.

Cheryl L Straub-Morarend, Christine R Wankiiri-Hale, Derek R Blanchette, Sharon K Lanning, Tanja Bekhuis, Becky M Smith, Abby J Brodie, Deise Cruz Oliveira, Robert A Handysides, Deborah V Dawson and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of dental education, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
12.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.

Cheryl L Straub-MorarendDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study. cheryl-m
Christine R Wankiiri-HaleDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
Derek R BlanchetteDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
Sharon K LanningDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
Tanja BekhuisDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
Becky M SmithDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
Abby J BrodieDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
Deise Cruz OliveiraDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
Robert A HandysidesDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
Deborah V DawsonDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
Heiko SpallekDr. Straub-Morarend is Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Wankiiri-Hale is Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Mr. Blanchette is a Biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; Dr. Lanning is Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University; Dr. Bekhuis is Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, and Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh; Dr. Smith is Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Restorative Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City; Dr. Brodie is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University; Dr. Oliveira is Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Handysides is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University; Dr. Dawson is Professor and Director, Division of Biostatistics and Research Design, Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Biostatistics, and Interdisciplinary Programs in Genetics and in Informatics, College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, University of Iowa; and Dr. Spallek is Pro-Dean and Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney and was Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Associate Professor, Dental Public Health, and Executive Director, Center for Informatics in Oral Health Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh at the time of this study.
University of Iowa · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · USCancer Research And Biostatistics · USLoma Linda University · USNova Southeastern University · USUniversity of Detroit Mercy · USUniversity of Missouri–Kansas City · USUniversity of Sydney · AUVirginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

Implementing Research Findings and Evidence-Based Interventions into Real-World DR21DE021494 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI SPALLEK, HEIKO · 2011 to 2012
$417k
NIDCR NIH HHS R21 DE021494NIDCR NIH HHS R21DE021494
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this study was to help inform faculty and curriculum leaders in academic dental institutions about the knowledge, skills, perceptions, and behavior of an institutionally diverse population of dental students with respect to evidence-based practice (EBP). A survey utilizing the validated Knowledge, Attitudes, Access, and Confidence Evaluation instrument developed by Hendricson et al. was conducted in 2012 with fourth-year dental students at seven geographically dispersed U.S. dental schools. The survey addressed elements of EBP knowledge, attitudes toward EBP, behavior in accessing evidence, and perceptions of competence in statistical analysis. A total of 138 students from the seven schools participated. A slight majority of these students correctly responded to the knowledge of critical appraisal questions. While the students demonstrated positive attitudes about EBP, they did not report high levels of confidence in their critical appraisal skills. The findings also showed that the students accessed various sources of evidence with differing frequencies. The most frequently accessed resources were colleagues, the Internet (excluding Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), and textbooks. The results of this study help to identify areas for improvement in EBP education in order to advance dental students' preparation to become evidence-based practitioners.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelBehaviorClinical CompetenceEducation, DentalAccess to InformationComprehensionCross-Sectional StudiesDatabases as TopicEvidence-Based DentistryHumansInternetInterprofessional RelationsMeta-Analysis as TopicResearch DesignSelf ConceptStatistics as Topicdental educationevidence-based dentistryevidence-based practice

Identifiers

PMID27037451
PMCPMC4893783
OpenAlexW2315537822

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.