SynthesisBMC cancer2016
Systematic review: brain metastases from colorectal cancer--Incidence and patient characteristics.
Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Survival Outcome of Surgical Resection vs. Radiotherapy in Brain Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Risk prediction model for brain metastasis risk among patients diagnosed with primary gastrointestinal cancers.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- FOXM1 expression is induced by the brain microenvironment and supports CRC brain metastatic adaptation.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Article
- High resolution genome-wide SNP array analyses on matched colorectal-based lung and brain metastases.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Bacteria-related signals in brain metastases: evidence boundaries, tumor-microenvironment remodeling, and translational prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Colorectal cancer metastasis to the brain: A scoping review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2025Article
- Genomics correlates of brain metastasis and progression in colorectal cancer.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Colorectal cancer relies on an immunosuppressive cellular topography and genomic adaptations for establishing brain metastases.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Incidence, demographics, and survival of patients with brain metastases from stage IV colorectal cancer: a population-based study from 2013 to 2023.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Characteristics and outcome of patients with brain metastases from colorectal cancer.Neuro-oncology practice · 2025Article
- Identification of a free-N-glycan with difucosylated type-1 lactosamine in cancerous tissue and its validation for cancer diagnosis by urinary testing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metabolic adaptations of brain metastasis.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Survival Analysis, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cerebral Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Colorectal Cancer Brain Metastasis With Concomitant KRAS and BRAF Mutations: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- RAS/RAF Comutation and ERBB2 Copy Number Modulates HER2 Heterogeneity and Responsiveness to HER2-directed Therapy in Colorectal Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- Surgical excision and radiotherapy for brain metastasis from colorectal cancer: How frailty and comorbidity indices influence outcome.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- A case of dMMR/MSI-H/TMB-H colon cancer with brain metastasis treated with PD-1 monoclonal antibody.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2024Article
- SNP array genomic analysis of matched pairs of brain and liver metastases in primary colorectal cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBrain metastases (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are a rare event. However, the implications for affected patients are severe, and the incidence has been reported to be increasing. For clinicians, knowledge about the characteristics associated with BM is important and could lead to earlier diagnosis and improved survival.
methodIn this paper, we describe the incidence as well as characteristics associated with BM based on a systematic review of the current literature, following the PRISMA guidelines.
resultsWe show that the incidence of BM in CRC patients ranges from 0.6 to 3.2%. BM are a late stage phenomenon, and young age, rectal primary and lung metastases are associated with increased risk of developing BM. Molecular markers such as KRAS, BRAF, NRAS mutation as well as an increase in CEA and CA19.9 levels are suggested predictors of brain involvement. However, only KRAS mutations are reasonably well investigated and associated with an increased risk of BM.
conclusionThe incidence of BM from CRC is 0.6 to 3.2% and did not seem to increase over time. Development of BM is associated with young age, lung metastases, rectal primary and KRAS mutation. Increased awareness of brain involvement in patients with these characteristics is necessary.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.