ReviewFree radical biology & medicine2016
Hyperketonemia and ketosis increase the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes.
Review in Free radical biology & medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06273631 (Effect of Changes in Carbohydrate Intake Patterns on Glucose Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Changes in Carbohydrate Intake Patterns on Glucose Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of adjuvant Sotagliflozin therapy in patients with T1D - an update and systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- What is the utility of blood beta-hydroxybutyrate measurements in emergency department in patients without diabetes: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Establishment and validation of a clinical model for predicting diabetic ketosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Empagliflozin as adjunct to insulin in Japanese participants with type 1 diabetes: Results of a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- Article
- Association between Circulating Ketone Bodies and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Related Ocular Parameters.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Correlation Between Breath Acetone and Ketone Bodies in Blood and Urine Among Individuals with Different Glycometabolic Statuses Based on PTR-TOF-MS.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Preliminary In Vitro Screening of Structure-Dependent β-Hydroxybutyrate Responses to Dietary Fatty Acids in Hepatocyte Models.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Effect of statins and ACE inhibitors on the metabolome in the Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes cardio-renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT) cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The value of targeting ketone body metabolism in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Prevalence and prognostic impact of rhabdomyolysis in adults hospitalized with diabetic ketosis: a 10-year single-center cohort study.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- A U-shaped association between vitamin D and ketone levels in type 2 diabetes: a metabolic state-dependent dual regulation mechanism.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Beneficial Outcome Pathways: A New Mechanistic Framework to Map the Health Effects of Fasting in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Review
- Ketone bodies in kidney diseases: novel insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Diabetes modifies the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and subclinical myocardial injury: A prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Recurrence and predictors of diabetic ketoacidosis among individuals with diabetes mellitus in public hospitals of Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Non-carbohydrate anaplerotic therapy counters empagliflozin-induced diabetic ketosis.Nutrition & diabetes · 2025Article
- Glucagon in Pediatric Metabolic Disorders: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspectives.Pediatric reports · 2025Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Diets that boost ketone production are increasingly used for treating several neurological disorders. Elevation in ketones in most cases is considered favorable, as they provide energy and are efficient in fueling the body's energy needs. Despite all the benefits from ketones, the above normal elevation in the concentration of ketones in the circulation tend to illicit various pathological complications by activating injurious pathways leading to cellular damage. Recent literature demonstrates a plausible link between elevated levels of circulating ketones and oxidative stress, linking hyperketonemia to innumerable morbid conditions. Ketone bodies are produced by the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver as a source of alternative energy that generally occurs in glucose limiting conditions. Regulation of ketogenesis and ketolysis plays an important role in dictating ketone concentrations in the blood. Hyperketonemia is a condition with elevated blood levels of acetoacetate, 3-β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone. Several physiological and pathological triggers, such as fasting, ketogenic diet, and diabetes cause an accumulation and elevation of circulating ketones. Complications of the brain, kidney, liver, and microvasculature were found to be elevated in diabetic patients who had elevated ketones compared to those diabetics with normal ketone levels. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which hyperketonemia and ketoacidosis cause an increase in redox imbalance and thereby increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.