ArticleBMC public health2016
The effects of maximising the UK's tobacco control score on inequalities in smoking prevalence and premature coronary heart disease mortality: a modelling study.
Article in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Identifying best modelling practices for tobacco control policy simulations: a systematic review and a novel quality assessment framework.Tobacco control · 2023Pooled it
- Options for modifying UK alcohol and tobacco tax: A rapid scoping review of the evidence over the period 1997-2018.NIHR open research · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of smoking, occupational stress level, and associated factors among nursing faculty members in Palestine: a multicenter nationwide survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of Smoking Reduction Scenarios on the Burden of Myocardial Infarction in the French Population Until 2035.Clinical epidemiology · 2024Article
- The Tobacco Control Scale as a research tool to measure country-level tobacco control policy implementation.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- Positive Effects of the National Cigarette Price Increase Policy on Smoking Cessation in South Korea.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2020Article
- Future cost-effectiveness and equity of the NHS Health Check cardiovascular disease prevention programme: Microsimulation modelling using data from Liverpool, UK.PLoS medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is more than twice as common among the most disadvantaged socioeconomic groups in England compared to the most affluent and is a major contributor to health-related inequalities. The United Kingdom (UK) has comprehensive smoking policies in place: regular tax increases; public information campaigns; on-pack pictorial health warnings; advertising bans; cessation; and smoke-free areas. This is confirmed from its high Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) score, an expert-developed instrument for assessing the strength of tobacco control policies. However, room remains for improvement in tobacco control policies. Our aim was to evaluate the cumulative effect on smoking prevalence of improving all TCS components in England, stratified by socioeconomic circumstance.
methodsEffect sizes and socioeconomic gradients for all six types of smoking policy in the UK setting were adapted from systematic reviews, or if not available, from primary studies. We used the IMPACT Policy Model to link predicted changes in smoking prevalence to changes in premature coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality for ages 35-74. Health outcomes with a time horizon of 2025 were stratified by quintiles of socioeconomic circumstance.
resultsThe model estimated that improving all smoking policies to achieve a maximum score on the TCS might reduce smoking prevalence in England by 3% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1-4%), from 20 to 17% in absolute terms, or by 15% in relative terms (95% CI: 7-21%). The most deprived quintile would benefit more, with absolute reductions from 31 to 25%, or a 6% reduction (95% CI: 2-7%). There would be some 3300 (95% CI: 2200-4700) fewer premature CHD deaths between 2015-2025, a 2% (95% CI: 1.4-2.9%) reduction. The most disadvantaged quintile would benefit more, reducing absolute inequality of CHD mortality by about 4 % (95% CI: 3-9%).
conclusionsFurther, feasible improvements in tobacco control policy could substantially improve population health, and reduce health-related inequalities in England.
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