ArticleOncotarget2016
Acquired resistance to the second-generation androgen receptor antagonist enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epigenetic profiling identifies markers of endocrine resistance and therapeutic options for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- TMEM59L promotes neuroendocrine differentiation and enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer by regulating MUC1/β-catenin/MYC axis.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- SLC3A1 Mitigates Ferroptosis and Promotes Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- A ligandable PNT domain establishes ERG as a directly targetable oncogenic driver in prostate cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A non-enzymatic role for METTL3 as an Androgen Receptor co-regulator that promotes prostate cancer proliferation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- CREB5 regulates stem cell-like transcriptional programs to enhance tumor progression in prostate cancer.Oncotarget · 2026Article
- Behavioral Alterations in Male Zebrafish After Administration of Androgen Receptor Blockers and an Activator.Biology · 2026Article
- Synergistic Efficacy of Gedatolisib and Darolutamide in Prostate Cancer to Overcome Resistance to Androgen-Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- GLP1 receptor agonism alters growth and therapeutic response in prostate cancer.Endocrine-related cancer · 2025Article
- NPRL2 gene expression as a predictor of biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.BMC urology · 2025Article
- New frontiers in prostate cancer treatment from systemic therapy to targeted therapy.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- SOX2 utilizes FOXA1 as a heteromeric transcriptional partner to drive proliferation in therapy-resistant prostate cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Understanding Enzalutamide-Resistance Based on a Functional Single-Cell Approach.The Prostate · 2025Article
- The Homeobox Transcription Factor NKX3.1 Displays an Oncogenic Role in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2025Article
- An Autophagy-Targeting Chimera Induces Degradation of Androgen Receptor Mutants and AR-v7 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Coactivator networks orchestrating noncanonical AR programs in enzalutamide-resistant CRPC.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Current uses and resistance mechanisms of enzalutamide in prostate cancer treatment.Expert review of anticancer therapy · 2024Review
- Clinically Relevant Humanized Mouse Models of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Facilitate Therapeutic Evaluation.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2024Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is a second generation Androgen Receptor (AR) antagonist with proven efficacy in the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The majority of treated patients, however, develop resistance and disease progression and there is a critical need to identify novel targetable pathways mediating resistance. The purpose of this study was to develop and extensively characterize a series of enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell lines. Four genetically distinct AR-positive and AR-pathway dependent prostate cancer cell lines (CWR-R1, LAPC-4, LNCaP, VCaP) were made resistant to enzalutamide by long-term culture (> 6 months) in enzalutamide. Extensive characterization of these lines documented divergent in vitro growth characteristics and AR pathway modulation. Enzalutamide-resistant LNCaP and CWR-R1 cells, but not LAPC-4 and VCAP cells, demonstrated increased castration-resistant and metastatic growth in vivo. Global gene expression analyses between short-term enzalutamide treated vs. enzalutamide-resistant cells identified both AR pathway and non-AR pathway associated changes that were restored upon acquisition of enzalutamide resistance. Further analyses revealed very few common gene expression changes between the four resistant cell lines. Thus, while AR-mediated pathways contribute in part to enzalutamide resistance, an unbiased approach across several cell lines demonstrates a greater contribution toward resistance via pleiotropic, non-AR mediated mechanisms.
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