ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2016
Within-subject Pooling of Biological Samples to Reduce Exposure Misclassification in Biomarker-based Studies.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gestational triclosan exposure and infant birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Environment international · 2021Pooled it
- Phthalate exposure and neurodevelopment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human epidemiological evidence.Environment international · 2020Pooled it
- Exposure to non-persistent chemicals in consumer products and fecundability: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2019Pooled it
- Intra-individual variability of urinary non-persistent chemical concentrations during pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Probing sources of strontium exposure in pregnant individuals living near unconventional oil and gas wells using urinaryJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Prenatal and childhood exposure to common plasticizers in relation to emotional and behavioral development through adolescence.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Gestational Exposure to 10 Classes of Priority Chemicals and Birth Outcomes in the ECHO Cohort.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Relevance and challenges of exposome studies for environmental health research.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Occupational Exposure to Resorcinol and Thyroid-Disrupting Effects: Protocol for an Exploratory Field Study in French Hairdressers.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Nonpersistent Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Angiogenic Biomarkers, Placental Function, and Fetal Growth.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Maternal serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations during pregnancy and adolescent bone mineral density at age 12 years.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Reproducibility and Sources of Variation of Urinary Biomarkers of Food Intake of Fruits, Vegetables, and Chocolate in European Children and Adolescents.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- The placental transcriptome serves as a mechanistic link between prenatal phthalate exposure and placental efficiency.Environment international · 2025Article
- Early-life exposure to a mixture of phenols and respiratory health in preschool children.The European respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Associations of prenatal concentrations of environmental phthalates and phenols with preeclampsia.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Neurobehavioral effects of gestational exposure to mixtures of non-persistent endocrine disruptors in preschool-aged children: The environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) program.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Synthetic Phenols Assessed in Multiple Urine Samples and Dysregulation of Steroid Hormone Homeostasis in Two European Cohorts.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Consumer Product Chemical Mixtures and Oxylipin-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Early Pregnancy: Findings from a Large US Pregnancy Cohort.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and childhood atopic dermatitis: epidemiological evidence.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The ENDOMIX perspective: how everyday chemical mixtures impact human health and reproduction by targeting the immune system†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Review
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFor chemicals with high within-subject temporal variability, assessing exposure biomarkers in a spot biospecimen poorly estimates average levels over long periods. The objective is to characterize the ability of within-subject pooling of biospecimens to reduce bias due to exposure misclassification when within-subject variability in biomarker concentrations is high.
methodsWe considered chemicals with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.6 and 0.2. In a simulation study, we hypothesized that the chemical urinary concentrations averaged over a given time period were associated with a health outcome and estimated the bias of studies assessing exposure that collected 1 to 50 random biospecimens per subject. We assumed a classical type error. We studied associations using a within-subject pooling approach and two measurement error models (simulation extrapolation and regression calibration), the latter requiring the assay of more than one biospecimen per subject.
resultsFor both continuous and binary outcomes, using one sample led to attenuation bias of 40% and 80% for compounds with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.6 and 0.2, respectively. For a compound with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.6, the numbers of biospecimens required to limit bias to less than 10% were 6, 2, and 2 biospecimens with the pooling, simulation extrapolation, and regression calibration methods (these values were, respectively, 35, 8, and 2 for a compound with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.2). Compared with pooling, these methods did not improve power.
conclusionWithin-subject pooling limits attenuation bias without increasing assay costs. Simulation extrapolation and regression calibration further limit bias, compared with the pooling approach, but increase assay costs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.