ArticlePharmacogenetics and genomics2016
Disposition kinetics and metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in African American smokers: impact of CYP2A6 genetic variation and enzymatic activity.
Article in Pharmacogenetics and genomics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine Metabolism Predicted by CYP2A6 Genotypes in Relation to Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluating metronidazole as a novel, safe CYP2A6 phenotyping probe in healthy adults.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Nicotine metabolite ratio and clinically significant depressive symptoms in U.S. adults: A smoker-specific association.Medicine · 2026Observational
- Molecular Effect of Tobacco on Genetic, Epigenetic, and Metabolic Pathways During Cancer Progression.Cureus · 2026Review
- Fine-mapping the CYP2A6 regional association with nicotine metabolism among African American smokers.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Tobacco Biomarkers by Latino Heritage and Race, US, 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure with Lung Cancer Risk in African American and White Cigarette Smokers in the Southern Community Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Decreases After Switching Off Efavirenz-Based Therapy in People With HIV Who Smoke.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Simultaneous Measurement and Distribution Analysis of Urinary Nicotine, Cotinine, Trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine, Nornicotine, Anabasine, and Total Nicotine Equivalents in a Large Korean Population.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Polymorphisms in Glutathione S-Transferase (Genes · 2023Article
- Hand nicotine as an independent marker of thirdhand smoke pollution in children's environments.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Metabolomics Profiles of Smokers from Two Ethnic Groups with Differing Lung Cancer Risk.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Genetic variants in CYP2A6 and UGT1A9 genes associated with urinary nicotine metabolites in young Mexican smokers.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2020Article
- Differential effects of nicotine delivery rate on subjective drug effects, urges to smoke, heart rate and blood pressure in tobacco smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Urine Metabolites for Estimating Daily Intake of Nicotine From Cigarette Smoking.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- An Exome-Wide Association Study Identifies New Susceptibility Loci for Age of Smoking Initiation in African- and European-American Populations.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Biomarkers of Exposure among U.S. Adult Cigar Smokers: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013-2014).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2019Article
- Effects of Nicotine Metabolic Rate on Withdrawal Symptoms and Response to Cigarette Smoking After Abstinence.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2019Article
- Assessing tobacco use in an African population: Serum and urine cotinine cut-offs from South Africa.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Porcine cytochrome 2A19 and 2E1.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe rate of nicotine metabolism, determined primarily by CYP2A6 activity, influences tobacco dependence and smoking-induced disease risk. The prevalence of CYP2A6 gene variants differs by race, with greater numbers in African Americans compared with Caucasians. We studied nicotine disposition kinetics and metabolism by the CYP2A6 genotype and enzymatic activity, as measured by the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), in African American smokers.
methodsParticipants were administered intravenous infusions of deuterium-labeled nicotine and cotinine. Plasma and urine concentrations of nicotine and metabolites were measured and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated.
resultsPharmacokinetic parameters and urine metabolite excretion data were analyzed by CYP2A6 genotype and by NMR. A number of gene variants were associated with markedly reduced nicotine and cotinine clearances. NMR was strongly correlated with nicotine (r=0.72) and cotinine (r=0.80) clearances. Participants with higher NMR excreted significantly greater nicotine C-oxidation and lower non-C-oxidation products compared with lower NMR participants.
conclusionCYP2A6 genotype, NMR, and nicotine pharmacokinetic data may inform studies of individual differences in smoking behavior and biomarkers of nicotine exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.