Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2016
Acute and chronic safety and efficacy of dose dependent creatine nitrate supplementation and exercise performance.
Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of dietary supplements on lower-limb power and jump performance in physically active individuals and athletes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Creatine in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of Human Milk Oligosaccharide 6'-Sialyllactose Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Training Adaptations.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Effect of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Macro- and Microvascular Endothelial Function in Older Adults: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Paraxanthine provides greater improvement in cognitive function than caffeine after performing a 10-km run.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of 12-Week Standardized Beetroot Extract Supplementation in Older Participants: A Preliminary Study of Human Health Safety.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Acute and Repeated Ashwagandha Supplementation Improves Markers of Cognitive Function and Mood.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Dose-Response of Paraxanthine on Cognitive Function: A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Crossover Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Hematological and Hemodynamic Responses to Acute and Short-Term Creatine Nitrate Supplementation.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- Short-Term Effects of a Ready-to-Drink Pre-Workout Beverage on Exercise Performance and Recovery.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2017Trial
- Strategies to mitigate muscle mass loss in individuals with spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Review
- Methodological Approaches to Bioavailability of Oral Creatine in Randomized Controlled Trials: A Meta-Research Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Protein and Amino Acid Supplementation Among Recreational Gym Goers and Associated Factors-An Exploratory Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Protein and Amino Acid Supplementation on Muscular Strength and Endurance in Recreational Gym-Goers During 8-Week Resistance Training.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Efficacy of creatine nitrate supplementation on redox status and mitochondrial function inAnimal biotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
- Dietary creatine nitrate enhances muscle creatine loading and delays postmortem glycolysis of broilers that experienced preslaughter transport.Journal of animal science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCreatine monohydrate (CrM) and nitrate are popular supplements for improving exercise performance; yet have not been investigated in combination. We performed two studies to determine the safety and exercise performance-characteristics of creatine nitrate (CrN) supplementation.
methodsStudy 1 participants (N = 13) ingested 1.5 g CrN (CrN-Low), 3 g CrN (CrN-High), 5 g CrM or a placebo in a randomized, crossover study (7d washout) to determine supplement safety (hepatorenal and muscle enzymes, heart rate, blood pressure and side effects) measured at time-0 (unsupplemented), 30-min, and then hourly for 5-h post-ingestion. Study 2 participants (N = 48) received the same CrN treatments vs. 3 g CrM in a randomized, double-blind, 28d trial inclusive of a 7-d interim testing period and loading sequence (4 servings/d). Day-7 and d-28 measured Tendo™ bench press performance, Wingate testing and a 6x6-s bicycle ergometer sprint. Data were analyzed using a GLM and results are reported as mean ± SD or mean change ± 95 % CI.
resultsIn both studies we observed several significant, yet stochastic changes in blood markers that were not indicative of potential harm or consistent for any treatment group. Equally, all treatment groups reported a similar number of minimal side effects. In Study 2, there was a significant increase in plasma nitrates for both CrN groups by d-7, subsequently abating by d-28. Muscle creatine increased significantly by d-7 in the CrM and CrN-High groups, but then decreased by d-28 for CrN-High. By d-28, there were significant increases in bench press lifting volume (kg) for all groups (PLA, 126.6, 95 % CI 26.3, 226.8; CrM, 194.1, 95 % CI 89.0, 299.2; CrN-Low, 118.3, 95 % CI 26.1, 210.5; CrN-High, 267.2, 95 % CI 175.0, 359.4, kg). Only the CrN-High group was significantly greater than PLA (p < 0.05). Similar findings were observed for bench press peak power (PLA, 59.0, 95 % CI 4.5, 113.4; CrM, 68.6, 95 % CI 11.4, 125.8; CrN-Low, 40.9, 95 % CI -9.2, 91.0; CrN-High, 60.9, 95 % CI 10.8, 111.1, W) and average power.
conclusionsCreatine nitrate delivered at 3 g was well-tolerated, demonstrated similar performance benefits to 3 g CrM, in addition, within the confines of this study, there were no safety concerns.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.