ArticleJournal of chemical ecology2016
Two Defensive Lines in Juvenile Leaf Beetles; Esters of 3-nitropropionic Acid in the Hemolymph and Aposematic Warning.
Article in Journal of chemical ecology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthesis, characterization, docking, MD simulation, and evaluation of antiproliferative effectiveness of new 4-aminobenzophenone derivatives.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2025Article
- 2-Methoxybenzaldehyde effectively repels ants.Journal of economic entomology · 2024Article
- Can Pheromones Contribute to Phylogenetic Hypotheses? A Case Study of Chrysomelidae.Journal of chemical ecology · 2023Article
- Mode of action, chemistry and defensive efficacy of the osmeterium in the caterpillar Battus polydamas archidamas.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Copper(II) Complexes of 5-Fluoro-Salicylaldehyde: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant Properties, Interaction with DNA and Serum Albumins.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Understanding the Role of Nitronate Monooxygenases in Virulence of the Human Fungal PathogenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Peculiarities of nitronate monooxygenases and perspectives for in vivo and in vitro applications.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Juveniles of the leaf beetles in subtribe Chrysomelina have efficient defense strategies against predators. When disturbed, they transiently expose volatile deterrents in large droplets from nine pairs of defensive glands on their back. Here, we report on an additional line of defense consisting of the non-volatile isoxazolin-5-one glucoside and its 3-nitropropanoyl ester in the larval hemolymph. Because isoxazolin-5-one derivatives were not detectable in related leaf beetle taxa, they serve as a diagnostic marker for the Chrysomelina subtribe. Conjugation of isotopically labelled 3-nitropropionic acid to isoxazolin-5-one glucoside in vivo demonstrates its function as a carrier for the 3-nitropropanoyl esters. The previous identification of characteristic glucosides as precursors of the volatile deterrents underlines the general importance of glucosides for sequestration from food plants, and the subsequent transport in the hemolymph to the defense system. The combination of repellent volatiles with non-volatile toxic compounds in the hemolymph has the potential to create synergistic effects since the odorant stimulus may help predators learn to avoid some foods. The combination of the two defense lines has the advantage, that the hemolymph toxins provide reliable and durable protection, while the repellents may vary after a host plant change.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.