ArticleBasic and clinical andrology2016
Azoospermia in rabbits following an intravas injection of Vasalgel ™.
Article in Basic and clinical andrology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel male contraceptives.Future science OA · 2026Review
- Hydrogels in Contraceptive Applications and Their Mechanisms of Action.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Review
- Non-hormonal Contraception: Current and Emerging Targets.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Advances in Male Contraception: When Will the Novel Male Contraception be Available?The world journal of men's health · 2024Review
- Male contraception: narrative review of ongoing research.Basic and clinical andrology · 2023Review
- Emerging approaches to male contraception.Fertility and sterility · 2021Review
- Update on Novel Hormonal and Nonhormonal Male Contraceptive Development.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- Male Contraception.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2020Review
- Development of Novel Male Contraceptives.Clinical and translational science · 2020Review
- Article
- Recent Developments in Male Contraception.Drugs · 2019Review
- The future of male contraception: a fertile ground.Translational andrology and urology · 2018Review
- Inhibition of sperm motility in male macaques with EP055, a potential non-hormonal male contraceptive.PloS one · 2018Article
- The contraceptive efficacy of intravas injection of Vasalgel™ for adult male rhesus monkeys.Basic and clinical andrology · 2017Article
- Reversibility of Vasalgel™ male contraceptive in a rabbit model.Basic and clinical andrology · 2017Article
- Male contraception.Fertility and sterility · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVasectomy is currently the only long-acting contraceptive option available for men, despite increasing demand and potentially significant positive impacts on human health of additional male contraceptive options. Vasalgel ™ is a high molecular weight hydrogel polymer being developed as a non-hormonal long-acting reversible male contraceptive. Vasalgel consists of styrene-alt-maleic acid dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, which is distinct from styrene-alt-maleic anhydride materials previously studied.
methodsThe goal of the study was to determine the contraceptive efficacy of two test articles with different levels of styrene maleic acid (100 %, and 80 % acid/20 % anhydride). The test articles were injected bilaterally in the vasa deferentia of mature male rabbits. Post-implantation analyses of semen parameters were completed over a 12 month period and compared to baseline measures of sperm concentration, motility and forward progression.
resultsBoth test articles were effective in blocking the passage of spermatozoa through the vasa deferentia in the 12 subjects completing the study. A significant decrease in sperm concentration occurred following implantation of the test material, with no measurable sperm concentration except for a few samples in one animal that were markedly oligospermic. Vasalgel produced a rapid onset of azoospermia, with no sperm in semen samples collected as early as 29-36 days post-implantation, and was durable over a 12 month period.
conclusionThis study indicated that Vasalgel is an effective non-hormonal long-acting male contraceptive in a rabbit model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.