ArticleTobacco induced diseases2016
Schools as smoke-free zones? Barriers and facilitators to the adoption of outdoor school ground smoking bans at secondary schools.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Signs, Fines and Compliance Officers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enforcing Smoke-Free Policy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Why school tobacco bans fail: staff engagement in enforcement in Belgian schools.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Tobacco-Free Schools in Practice: Policy Presence and Enforcement in Baltimore Schools.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Towards stronger tobacco control policies to curb the smoking epidemic in Spain.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- State of the literature discussing smoke-free policies globally: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Review
- Socioeconomic Differences in Cigarette Smoking and Alternative Tobacco Product Use Among Adolescents in a School-Based Smoking Preventive Intervention: Findings From the Second Year of the X:IT II Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Smoke-Free Sports in The Netherlands: Why Most Sports Clubs Have Not Adopted an Outdoor Smoke-Free Policy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Why staff at European schools abstain from enforcing smoke-free policies on persistent violators.Health promotion international · 2020Article
- Why Secondary Schools Do Not Implement Far-Reaching Smoke-Free Policies: Exploring Deep Core, Policy Core, and Secondary Beliefs of School Staff in the Netherlands.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2019Article
- Understanding school staff members' enforcement of school tobacco policies to achieve tobacco-free school: a realist review.Systematic reviews · 2019Review
- Sustainability of outdoor school ground smoking bans at secondary schools: a mixed-method study.European journal of public health · 2018Article
- Unraveling the "black box" of school tobacco policy implementation: A mixed-methods study at Danish vocational schools informed by Normalization Process Theory.Implementation research and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhereas smoking bans inside secondary school buildings are relatively widespread, a smoking ban for the outdoor school grounds is less common. Therefore, this study investigates why many secondary schools fail to adopt an outdoor school ground smoking ban. The aim is to elucidate the perceived barriers and facilitators of stakeholders at schools without an outdoor school ground smoking ban.
methodsQualitative data were obtained from 60 respondents of 15 secondary schools. Semi-structured interviews were held with various key stakeholders and a thematic approach was used for analysis of the transcripts.
resultsThe perceived barriers and facilitators of the stakeholders fell into four categories: 1) socio-political characteristics (legislation and social norm), 2) school characteristics (policy, decision process, enforcement, resources, workforce conditions, communication and collaboration), 3) individual characteristics (support, knowledge, and target group), and 4) smoking ban characteristics (environmental factors, guideline recommendations, outcome expectations, and evidence).
conclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of legislation for outdoor smoking bans. Moreover, collaboration, communication and involving stakeholders during an early stage of the process should be stimulated, as this might increase adoption. These results can be applied in future studies on outdoor tobacco control policies; moreover, they may facilitate tobacco control initiatives leading to more smoke-free environments to further protect youth from the harmful effects of tobacco.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.