ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology2016
GLP-1 and weight loss: unraveling the diverse neural circuitry.
Review in American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 276 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists in the treatment of eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2025Pooled it
- A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Using Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- GLP-1a: Going beyond Traditional Use.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Short-term effect of beinaglutide combined with metformin versus metformin alone on weight loss and metabolic profiles in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot randomized trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Gastrointestinal tolerability of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- MRI measures of hypothalamic injury are associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment response in people with hypothalamic obesity.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Trial
- Incidence of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Patients Using Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogs: A Real-World Study.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Signaling in Learning and Memory: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Impact of semaglutide on health outcomes and mood in obese heart failure patients: a retrospective analysis.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Chronic semaglutide alters ingestive behavior without impairing taste function in mice.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Dietary Fiber and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Obesity Management: Converging Mechanisms, Interactions, and Strategies for Durable Weight Control.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Exendin-4 protects brain endothelial cell damage against hyperammonemic condition.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Beyond weight loss: Integrating GLP-1 RA therapies into psychological and behavioral care for obesity and binge eating disorder.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- GLP-1 at the Metabolic-Cognitive Interface: Reward, Affect, and Memory.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- GLP-1R biased cAMP agonism maintains glycemic control with reduced malaise and emesis in preclinical mammalian models.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- The science of safety: adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists as glucose-lowering and obesity medications.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Acyl-CoA Synthetase 5 Knockout and Inhibitors Protect Against Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice by Activating the Ileal Brake.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Electroacupuncture as a therapeutic intervention for obesity: mechanisms and implications.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2026Review
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is currently one of the most promising biological systems for the development of effective obesity pharmacotherapies. Long-acting GLP-1 analogs potently reduce food intake and body weight, and recent discoveries reveal that peripheral administration of these drugs reduces food intake largely through humoral pathways involving direct action on brain GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R). Thus, it is of critical importance to understand the neural systems through which GLP-1 and long-acting GLP-1 analogs reduce food intake and body weight. In this review, we discuss several neural, physiological, cellular and molecular, as well as behavioral mechanisms through which peripheral and central GLP-1R signaling reduces feeding. Particular attention is devoted to discussion regarding the numerous neural substrates through which GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs act to reduce food intake and body weight, including various hypothalamic nuclei (arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, periventricular hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamic area), hindbrain nuclei (parabrachial nucleus, medial nucleus tractus solitarius), hippocampus (ventral subregion; vHP), and nuclei embedded within the mesolimbic reward circuitry [ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)]. In some of these nuclei [VTA, NAc, and vHP], GLP-1R activation reduces food intake and body weight without concomitant nausea responses, suggesting that targeting these specific pathways may be of particular interest for future obesity pharmacotherapy. The widely distributed neural systems through which GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs act to reduce body weight highlight the complexity of the neural systems regulating energy balance, as well as the challenges for developing effective obesity pharmacotherapies that reduce feeding without producing parallel negative side effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.