Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27030444›Full record

Observational studyEuropean journal of heart failure2016

Influence of cigarette smoking on cardiac biomarkers: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Wilson Nadruz, Alexandra Gonçalves, Brian Claggett, Gabriela Querejeta Roca, Amil M Shah, Susan Cheng, Gerardo Heiss, Christie M Ballantyne, Scott D Solomon

Open access · bronzeAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in European journal of heart failure, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Diagnostic Tests for Stage B Heart Failure.Current cardiology reports · 2026
    Review
  5. A Clinical Prediction Model for Selective NT-proBNP Testing in Hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Commonalities in Metabolic Reprogramming between Tobacco Use and Oral Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Declining Lung Function and Cardiovascular Risk: The ARIC Study.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2018
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Wilson NadruzCardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Alexandra GonçalvesCardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Brian ClaggettCardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Gabriela Querejeta RocaCardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Amil M ShahCardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Susan ChengCardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Gerardo HeissDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Christie M BallantyneSection of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Scott D SolomonCardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USHouston Methodist · USUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) · BRUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

Myocardial and Arterial Aging: Spectrum, Correlates, and PrognosisR00HL107642 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI CHENG, SUSAN · 2014 to 2016
$747k
Systolic & diastolic dysfunction in heart failure and preserved ejection fractionK08HL116792 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI SHAH, AMIL M · 2013 to 2017
$735k
NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100005CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100005GNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100005INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100006CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100007CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100007INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100008CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100008INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100009CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100009INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100010CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100011CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100011INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100012CNHLBI NIH HHS K08 HL116792NHLBI NIH HHS R00 HL107642
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsCigarette smoking has been associated with incident heart failure independent of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the mechanisms linking smoking to cardiac damage are not well understood. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between smoking and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity Troponin T (hs-TnT), which are, respectively, biomarkers of myocardial wall stress and injury, in a large community-based cohort. METHODS AND

resultsWe examined the association between smoking history and NT-proBNP and hs-TnT in 9649 participants free of overt CAD or heart failure from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study who attended Visit 4 (1996-1998), as well as the association with change in these biomarkers from Visit 4 to Visit 5 (2011-2013) in 3151 participants. At Visit 4, higher cumulative cigarette exposure, assessed by total pack-years, was associated with elevated levels of NT-proBNP (P < 0.001) and hs-TnT (P = 0.01) among ever smokers in multivariable analyses adjusted for potential confounders. After 15 years of follow-up, participants who were active smokers at Visit 4 had greater incidence of elevated NT-proBNP {adjusted proportion = 48% [95% confidence interval (CI) 41, 54] vs. 35 (95% CI 32, 39); P = 0.006} and hs-TnT [adjusted proportion = 32% (95% CI 26, 38) vs. 23 (95% CI 20, 26); P = 0.021] compared with never smokers, adjusting for baseline and follow-up covariates.

conclusionsIn a large community-based cohort free of overt CAD and heart failure, cigarette smoking was associated with biomarkers of myocardial wall stress and injury at baseline as well as with a continued measurable increase in these biomarkers after 15 years of follow-up.

Indexed as

AgedBiomarkersCohort StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeart FailureHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisMyocardiumNatriuretic Peptide, BrainPeptide FragmentsProspective StudiesBiomarkersNatriuretic Peptide, BrainPeptide Fragmentspro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76)Troponin THeartN-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptideSmokingTroponin

Identifiers

PMID27030444
PMCPMC4915996
OpenAlexW2312486055

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.