ArticleNeurology2016
Delineation of the movement disorders associated with FOXG1 mutations.
Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Data-Driven Insights into Hyperkinetic Disorders in Neurodevelopmental Syndromes and Epileptic Encephalopathies.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Review
- Movement Disorders in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Review
- Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Concomitant Movement Disorders in Genetic Epilepsies.Epilepsy currents · 2025Review
- Longitudinal characterization of clinical, developmental, and behavioral phenotypes in 101 children and adults with FOXG1 syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Recessive Loss of PI4K2A Function Causes a Developmental and Epileptic Dyskinetic Encephalopathy with Prominent Orolingual Dyskinesia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- The patient-specific mouse model with Foxg1 frameshift mutation provides insights into the pathophysiology of FOXG1 syndrome.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Purine Metabolism and Dystonia: Perspectives of a Long-Promised Relationship.Annals of neurology · 2025Review
- Advances in genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies with movement disorders.Acta epileptologica · 2025Review
- Foxg1 regulates translation of neocortical neuronal genes, including the main NMDA receptor subunit gene, Grin1.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Chorea in Infancy and Early Childhood: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Foxg1 bimodally tunes L1-mRNA and -DNA dynamics in the developing murine neocortex.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Top caregiver concerns in Rett syndrome and related disorders: data from the US natural history study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2023Article
- Expanding genotype-phenotype correlations in FOXG1 syndrome: results from a patient registry.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2023Article
- Pediatric-Onset Epilepsy and Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathies Followed by Early-Onset Parkinsonism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Genetic Landscape of Complex Childhood-Onset Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2022Article
- Neurodevelopmental Gene-Related Dystonia: A Pediatric Case with NAA15 Variant.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2022Article
- Movement disorders of the mouth: a review of the common phenomenologies.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Multidimensional Functional Profiling of Human NeuropathogenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Paving Therapeutic Avenues for FOXG1 Syndrome: Untangling Genotypes and Phenotypes from a Molecular Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Sleep Disorders in Rett Syndrome and Rett-Related Disorders: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Apostolos PapandreouFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Ruth B SchneiderFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Erika F AugustineFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Joanne NgFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Kshitij MankadFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Esther MeyerFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Amy McTagueFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Adeline NgohFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Cheryl HemingwayFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Robert RobinsonFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Sophia M VaradkarFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Maria KinaliFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Vincenzo SalpietroFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Margaret C O'DriscollFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
S Nigel BasheerFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Richard I WebsterFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Shekeeb S MohammadFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Shpresa PulaFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Marian McGowanFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Natalie TrumpFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Lucy JenkinsFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Frances ElmslieFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Richard H ScottFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Jane A HurstFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Belen Perez-DuenasFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Alexander R PaciorkowskiFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Manju A KurianFrom Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., J.N., E.M., A.M., A.N., S.S.M., B.P.-D., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London-Institute of Child Health; Departments of Neurology (A.P., C.H., R.R., S.M.V., M.A.K.) and Neuroradiology (K.M.), Department of Molecular Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Services (N.T., L.J.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (R.H.S., J.A.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology (R.B.S., E.F.A., A.R.P.), Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics (E.F.A.), and Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics (A.R.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Gene Transfer Technology Group (J.N.), UCL-Institute for Women's Health, London; Departments of Paediatric Neurology (M.K., V.S.) and Paediatrics (M.C.O.), Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Perinatal Neurology (S.N.B.), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.I.W.), Department of Neurology (R.I.W.), and Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (S.S.M.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Child Development Centre (S.P., M.M.) and South West Thames Regional Genetics Service (F.E.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Department of Child Neurology (B.P.-D.) and Centre for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII) (B.P.-D.), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. manju.kurian@ucl.ac.uk.
Hammersmith Hospital · GBSt George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity of Rochester Medical Center · USChelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · GBChildren's Hospital at Westmead · AU
Funding
Biology of developmental encephalopathies presenting with infantile spasmsK08NS078054 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI PACIORKOWSKI, ALEXANDER R · 2013 to 2017
$779kMedical Research Council MR/K02342X/1Medical Research Council MR/L001497/1NINDS NIH HHS K08 NS078054Wellcome Trust
Abstract
objectiveThe primary objective of this research was to characterize the movement disorders associated with FOXG1 mutations.
methodsWe identified patients with FOXG1 mutations who were referred to either a tertiary movement disorder clinic or tertiary epilepsy service and retrospectively reviewed medical records, clinical investigations, neuroimaging, and available video footage. We administered a telephone-based questionnaire regarding the functional impact of the movement disorders and perceived efficacy of treatment to the caregivers of one cohort of participants.
resultsWe identified 28 patients with FOXG1 mutations, of whom 6 had previously unreported mutations. A wide variety of movement disorders were identified, with dystonia, choreoathetosis, and orolingual/facial dyskinesias most commonly present. Ninety-three percent of patients had a mixed movement disorder phenotype. In contrast to the phenotype classically described with FOXG1 mutations, 4 patients with missense mutations had a milder phenotype, with independent ambulation, spoken language, and normocephaly. Hyperkinetic involuntary movements were a major clinical feature in these patients. Of the symptomatic treatments targeted to control abnormal involuntary movements, most did not emerge as clearly beneficial, although 4 patients had a caregiver-reported response to levodopa.
conclusionsAbnormal involuntary movements are a major feature of FOXG1 mutations. Our study delineates the spectrum of movement disorders and confirms an expanding clinical phenotype. Symptomatic treatment may be considered for severe or disabling cases, although further research regarding potential treatment strategies is necessary.
Indexed as
MutationAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolFemaleForkhead Transcription FactorsHumansInfantMaleMovement DisordersNerve Tissue ProteinsPhenotypeRetrospective StudiesTertiary Care CentersYoung AdultForkhead Transcription FactorsFOXG1 protein, humanNerve Tissue Proteins
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