ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2013
Role of Phenothiazines and Structurally Similar Compounds of Plant Origin in the Fight against Infections by Drug Resistant Bacteria.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Antibiotics: Repurposing Non-Antibiotic Drugs as Novel Antibacterial Agents to Combat Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Repurposed Drugs and Efflux Pump Inhibitors Against Gram-Negative Urinary Tract Pathogenic Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Spectroscopic Properties and Biological Activity of Fluphenazine Conjugates with Gold Nanoparticles.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Miconazole and phenothiazine hinder the quorum sensing regulated virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The Journal of antibiotics · 2024Article
- Phenothiazines Rapidly Induce Laccase Expression and Lignin-Degrading Properties in the White-Rot FungusJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Repurposing phenothiazines for cancer therapy: compromising membrane integrity in cancer cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Drug Repurposing Approaches towards Defeating Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Novel Polymyxin/Non-Antibiotic Combinations.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Pleiotropic actions of phenothiazine drugs are detrimental to Gram-negative bacterial persister cells.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Alkaloids in Contemporary Drug Discovery to Meet Global Disease Needs.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Antimicrobial Effect of Natural Berry Juices on Common Oral Pathogenic Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Article
- Dibasic Derivatives of Phenylcarbamic Acid as Prospective Antibacterial Agents Interacting with Cytoplasmic Membrane.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Efficient and Stable Magnetic Chitosan-Lipase B fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Large Action of Chlorpromazine: Translational and Transdisciplinary Considerations in the Face of COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Study on Antibacterial and Quorum-Sensing Inhibition Activities ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance: anti-plasmid and plasmid curing.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2018Review
- Article
- Therapeutic Mechanisms of Phenothiazine Drugs: A Mini-Review of Advances in Cancer Treatment and Antibiotic Resistance.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phenothiazines have their primary effects on the plasma membranes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Among the components of the prokaryotic plasma membrane affected are efflux pumps, their energy sources and energy providing enzymes, such as ATPase, and genes that regulate and code for the permeability aspect of a bacterium. The response of multidrug and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis to phenothiazines shows an alternative therapy for the treatment of these dreaded diseases, which are claiming more and more lives every year throughout the world. Many phenothiazines have shown synergistic activity with several antibiotics thereby lowering the doses of antibiotics administered to patients suffering from specific bacterial infections. Trimeprazine is synergistic with trimethoprim. Flupenthixol (Fp) has been found to be synergistic with penicillin and chlorpromazine (CPZ); in addition, some antibiotics are also synergistic. Along with the antibacterial action described in this review, many phenothiazines possess plasmid curing activities, which render the bacterial carrier of the plasmid sensitive to antibiotics. Thus, simultaneous applications of a phenothiazine like TZ would not only act as an additional antibacterial agent but also would help to eliminate drug resistant plasmid from the infectious bacterial cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.