ReviewClinical cardiology2016
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction Within the United States: From Demographics to Outcomes.
Review in Clinical cardiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Risk Factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Young Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current cardiology reviews · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of a disparity-reduction intervention on outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department: a clinical trial.International journal for equity in health · 2025Trial
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Ventricular Arrhythmias.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Adversarial Debiasing for Equitable and Fair Detection of Acute Coronary Syndrome Using 12-Lead ECG.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2026Article
- Trends in Mortality Among Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction With Cardiogenic Shock in the United States, 1999-2023.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2025Article
- Acute myocardial infarction-related mortality among older adults (≥65 years) with malignancy in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Deep learning on electrocardiogram waveforms to stratify risk of obstructive stable coronary artery disease.European heart journal. Digital health · 2025Article
- Thrombus aspiration in primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients with high thrombus burden: one-year outcomes in a tertiary healthcare center in Ho Chi Minh City.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence, predictors, and in-hospital outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction among young adults without traditional cardiovascular risk factors in the United States.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
- Structural Inequities In The Adoption Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Services By US Hospitals, 2000-20.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2024Article
- Gender, racial and ethnic disparities in acute coronary syndromes with coronary in-stent restenosis.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
- Appendicitis Hospitalization Care Costs Among Patients With Delayed Diagnosis of Appendicitis.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Implications of Bias in Artificial Intelligence: Considerations for Cardiovascular Imaging.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Response to Interleukin-1 Blockade With Anakinra in Black and White Americans With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.The American journal of cardiology · 2023Article
- Impact of Social Vulnerability on Diabetes-Related Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Ethnic Disparities in Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCEs) and Postoperative Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass in Northeastern Iran (2007-2016).Archives of Iranian medicine · 2023Article
- Association between vehicle ownership and disparities in mortality after myocardial infarction.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2023Article
- Large animal models of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: Where are we now?Zoological research · 2023Review
- Impact of a Comprehensive ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Protocol on Key Process Metrics in Black Americans.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the United States, different races, ethnicities, and their subgroups experience disparities regarding acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and myocardial infarction (MI). This review highlights these differences across 4 stages that comprise the ACS/MI narrative: (1) patient demographics, (2) patient comorbidities and health risks, (3) treatments and their delays, and (4) outcomes. Overall, black and Hispanic ACS/MI patients are more likely to present with comorbidities, experience longer delays before treatment, and suffer worse outcomes when compared with non-Hispanic white patients. More specifically, across the studies analyzed, black and Hispanic ACS/MI patients were consistently more likely to be younger or female, or to have hypertension or diabetes, than non-Hispanic white patients. ACS/MI disparities also exist among Asian populations, and these are briefly outlined. However, black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white ACS/MI patients were the 3 most-studied racial and ethnic groups, indicating that additional studies of other minority groups, such as Native Americans, Asian populations, and black and Hispanic subgroups, are needed for their utility in reducing disparities. Despite notable improvement in ACS/MI treatment quality measures over recent decades, disparities persist. Causes are complex and extend beyond the healthcare system to culture and patients' personal characteristics; sophisticated solutions will be required. Continued research has the potential to further reduce or eliminate disparities in the comorbidities, delays, and treatments surrounding ACS and MI, extending healthy lifespans of many underserved and minority populations, while reducing healthcare costs.
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