Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27027400›Full record

ArticleInsect molecular biology2016

Insect transformation with piggyBac: getting the number of injections just right.

M Gregory, L Alphey, N I Morrison, S M Shimeld

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Insect molecular biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. PeerJ · 2025
    Article
  4. History of Mosquito Transgenesis: A Perspective in Review.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. ImprovedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  7. Functional characterization ofJournal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2022
    Article
  8. EfficientFrontiers in genome editing · 2022
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

M GregoryDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
L AlpheyDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
N I MorrisonOxitec Ltd, Abingdon, UK.
S M ShimeldDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/I/00001892
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The insertion of exogenous genetic cargo into insects using transposable elements is a powerful research tool with potential applications in meeting food security and public health challenges facing humanity. piggyBac is the transposable element most commonly utilized for insect germline transformation. The described efficiency of this process is variable in the published literature, and a comprehensive review of transformation efficiency in insects is lacking. This study compared and contrasted all available published data with a comprehensive data set provided by a biotechnology group specializing in insect transformation. Based on analysis of these data, with particular focus on the more complete observational data from the biotechnology group, we designed a decision tool to aid researchers' decision-making when using piggyBac to transform insects by microinjection. A combination of statistical techniques was used to define appropriate summary statistics of piggyBac transformation efficiency by species and insect order. Publication bias was assessed by comparing the data sets. The bias was assessed using strategies co-opted from the medical literature. The work culminated in building the Goldilocks decision tool, a Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo simulation operated via a graphical interface and providing guidance on best practice for those seeking to transform insects using piggyBac.

Indexed as

Genetic VectorsGene Transfer TechniquesAnimalsDecision Making, Computer-AssistedInsectadecision modelDNA transposable elements genetic vectorsembryofluorescent proteinsgeneticgerm-line mutationgoldilocksinsectsinsect transformationMarkov-ChainmicroinjectionMonte-CarlomothspiggyBacsterile insect techniquesurvivaltransformation efficiencytransposable elementtransposases

Identifiers

PMID27027400
PMCPMC4982070

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.