Trial reportTrials2016
Effects of indexes of consciousness (IoC1 and IoC2) monitoring on remifentanil dosage in modified radical mastectomy: a randomized trial.
Trial report in Trials, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nociception monitors vs. standard practice for titration of opioid administration in general anesthesia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Index of Consciousness monitoring may effectively predict and prevent circulatory stress induced by endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia: a prospective randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Index of consciousness monitoring during general anesthesia may effectively enhance rehabilitation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic urological surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Protocol for a cohort study: evaluating the effect of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy on intraoperative remifentanil consumption during IoC2-guided anesthesia in elderly patients with esophageal cancer.Annals of medicine · 2026Observational
- Effect of IoC2-guided analgesic titration on intraoperative opioid consumption in older patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Article
- Use of Intra-Operative EEG Monitoring for Nociception Balance Quantification-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Assessing the use of the Index of Consciousness (IoC) as a monitoring tool for the sedative effects of ciprofol during general anesthesia induction: a prospective observational study.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Research progress on the depth of anesthesia monitoring based on the electroencephalogram.Ibrain · 2025Review
- Am I Sedated or in Pain? Please Monitor by Brain.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of qCON and qNOX-guided general anaesthesia management on patient opioid use and prognosis: a study protocol.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Effects of Depth of Anesthesia Monitored by IoC on Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Colorectal Cancer.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2020Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated the effects of indexes of consciousness (IoC1 and IoC2) monitoring on remifentanil dosage.
methodsIn this randomized, single-blinded, prospective study, 120 patients undergoing unilateral modified radical mastectomy were randomly assigned to the treatment group (T group, n = 60) or control group (C group, n = 60). In the T group, patients received both IoC1 (sedation) and IoC2 (analgesia) monitoring, and remifentanil dosages were adjusted by anesthetists according to IoC2. In the C group, remifentanil dosages were adjusted based on the anesthetists' judgment according to the patients' vital signs. Remifentanil dose, adjustment frequency, infusion duration, intraoperative adverse events, and quality of anesthetic recovery were compared between the two groups. The primary outcome was the dose of remifentanil.
resultsCompared with the C group, mean remifentanil dosage was significantly higher in the T group (3.8 ± 1.9 versus 3.2 ± 1.2 μg kg(-1) h(-1), P < 0.05) during the anesthetic period, as was the adjustment frequency of target-controlled infusion (2.9 ± 1.9 versus 2.0 ± 1.2 times/surgery, P < 0.05), but there was no difference in infusion duration. Voluntary eye opening, extubation time, and recovery score were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Total adverse events were significantly reduced in the T group (P < 0.05).
conclusionsIoC1-targeted propofol dosing does not seem to be significantly different to hemodynamic-based monitoring, whereas IoC2 monitoring can increase remifentanil dosage during modified radical mastectomy, but the anesthetic process is more controllable and total adverse events are reduced, which improves the controllability of anesthesia.
trial registrationTRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR-TRC-13004101 , registered on 27 November 2013.
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