ArticlePediatrics2016
Epidemiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.
Article in Pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in Sub-Saharan Africa during the pre-COVID-19 period (2006-2019): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus among People Living with HIV: Is There a Case for Rolling Out Prophylaxis? A Viewpoint Based on a Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Mathematical modelling of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Epidemics · 2021Pooled it
- Case fatality rate and viral aetiologies of acute respiratory tract infections in HIV positive and negative people in Africa: The VARIAFRICA-HIV systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2019Pooled it
- The burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Pooled it
- Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus infection in people with acute respiratory tract infections in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Pooled it
- Incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza disease among infants under 6 months of age: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2017Pooled it
- Immunologic and Virologic Factors Associated With Hospitalization in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Caregiver burden experienced by mothers of infants who are HIV exposed uninfected compared to infants HIV unexposed: A prospective cohort study in Worcester, South Africa.Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Maternal Inflammation Likely Drives Impaired Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Growth, infection, and humoral immunity in children who are HIV exposed and uninfected.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Changes in the Epidemiology of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus During 2020-2022 Relative to the Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic Period (2017-2020) From Systematic Sentinel Syndromic Surveillance in South Africa.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of RSVpreF Vaccine in Pregnant Individuals Living with HIV.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Aetiological Fraction of Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Respiratory Pathogens in Infants Aged < 1 Year Hospitalised With Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Medical Illness in South Africa, 2016-2018.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- hMPV Outbreaks: Worldwide Implications of a Re-Emerging Respiratory Pathogen.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The Linda Kizazi study: a comparison of morbidity and mortality from birth to 2 years between children who are HIV-unexposed and HIV-exposed, uninfected in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Phenotypic characterization of NK cells in 5-year-old children exposed to maternal HIV and antiretroviral therapy in early-life.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Infectivity and Immunogenicity of Live-Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Children.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Maternal HIV infection and the milk microbiome.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Reduced anti-viral IgG repertoire in HIV-exposed but uninfected infants compared to HIV-unexposed infants.iScience · 2024Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreased morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) has been suggested in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children; however, the contribution of respiratory viruses is unclear. We studied the epidemiology of LRTI hospitalization in HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) and HEU infants aged <6 months in South Africa.
methodsWe prospectively enrolled hospitalized infants with LRTI from 4 provinces from 2010 to 2013. Using polymerase chain reaction, nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for 10 viruses and blood for pneumococcal DNA. Incidence for 2010-2011 was estimated at 1 site with population denominators.
resultsWe enrolled 3537 children aged <6 months. HIV infection and exposure status were determined for 2507 (71%), of whom 211 (8%) were HIV infected, 850 (34%) were HEU, and 1446 (58%) were HUU. The annual incidence of LRTI was elevated in HEU (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-1.5) and HIV infected (IRR 3.8; 95% CI 3.3-4.5), compared with HUU infants. Relative incidence estimates were greater in HEU than HUU, for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; IRR 1.4; 95% CI 1.3-1.6) and human metapneumovirus-associated (IRR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.0) LRTI, with a similar trend observed for influenza (IRR 1.2; 95% CI 0.8-1.8). HEU infants overall, and those with RSV-associated LRTI had greater odds (odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.8, and 12.2, 95% CI 1.7-infinity, respectively) of death than HUU.
conclusionsHEU infants were more likely to be hospitalized and to die in-hospital than HUU, including specifically due to RSV. This group should be considered a high-risk group for LRTI.
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