ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2014
Understanding Antibiotic Use in Minya District, Egypt: Physician and Pharmacist Prescribing and the Factors Influencing Their Practices.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04127682 (Antibiotic Prescription for Children With Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Assiut District), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antibiotic Prescription for Children With Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Assiut District: An Exploratory Study.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Factors influencing physicians' antimicrobial prescribing decisions: A systematic review of qualitative studies.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond the prescription: unraveling knowledge, attitudes, and the socio-demographic tapestry of antibiotic misuse among university students in Egypt.BMC public health · 2026Article
- AWaRe antibiotic prescribing for common acute infections in private primary care in low-middle-income countries: a patient-level analysis using IQVIA prescriber surveys from Pakistan, Egypt and Indonesia.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Perspectives and Challenges of Healthcare Professionals, Patients, and Caregivers Regarding Utilizing Antibiotics and Implementing Antibiotic Stewardship in Healthcare Facilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Comparative Genome Analysis of High-RiskMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Persistent Symptoms and Associated Risk Factors of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Minia, Upper Egypt.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Community Pharmacists' Responses Toward Antimicrobial Prescriptions in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Gram-Positive Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Pattern of antibiotic use among children caregivers: a cross-sectional study.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2024Article
- Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of commensal staphylococci isolated from young volunteers in Alexandria, Egypt.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Exploring factors for antibiotic over-prescription in children with acute upper respiratory tract infections in Assiut, Egypt: a qualitative study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians' Perceptions of Scopes of Practice Employing Agency Theory in the Management of Minor Ailments in Central Indonesian Community Pharmacies: A Qualitative Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Hospital Pharmacists' Viewpoint on Quality Use of Antibiotics and Resistance: A Qualitative Exploration from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Quetta City, Pakistan.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of Egyptians towards antibiotic use in the community: can we do better?Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Article
- Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Phenotype-genotype correlations among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales recovered from four Egyptian hospitals with the report of SPM carbapenemase.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Article
- Assessment of community pharmacy management towards self-medication requests of tetracyclines for pregnant women: a simulated client study in Upper Egypt.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2021Article
- Antibiotic resistance: still a cause of concern?OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Overuse of antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria globally. In Egypt, patients can purchase antibiotics without a prescription, and we hypothesized frequent inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and dispensing. We interviewed physicians (n = 236) and pharmacists (n = 483) and conducted focus groups in Minya, Egypt, to assess attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic prescribing for outpatient acute respiratory infections (ARI). Antibiotics were reportedly prescribed most of the time or sometimes for colds by 150 (64%) physicians and 326 (81%) pharmacists. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were β-lactams. Macrolides were the second most commonly prescribed for colds and sinusitis. The prescription of more than one antibiotic to treat pneumonia was reported by 85% of physicians. Most respondents thought antibiotic overuse contributes to resistance and reported "patient self-medication" as the biggest driver of overuse. Fifty physicians (21%) reported that they had prescribed antibiotics unnecessarily, citing patient over-the-counter access as the reason. Physicians <40 years of age and those who treat adults were more likely to prescribe antibiotics for colds. Overall, we found a high rate of unwarranted outpatient antibiotic prescribing and dispensing for ARIs. Patient access to OTC antibiotics contributes to over-prescribing. National guidelines for ARI treatment, provider education and national policy requiring a physician's prescription for antibiotics may improve appropriate antibiotic use in Egypt.
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