Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27025556›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2016

Low hepatitis B testing among migrants: a cross-sectional study in a UK city.

Iro Evlampidou, Matthew Hickman, Charles Irish, Nick Young, Isabel Oliver, Sophie Gillett, Alexandra Cochrane

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Article
  6. Emergency Department Opt-Out Testing for Hepatitis B: A Two-Year UK Multicentre Evaluation of Outcomes Across Seven Sites.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Iro EvlampidouPublic Health England, Bristol, and European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm.
Matthew HickmanSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, and NIHR Health Protection Unit on Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Bristol.
Charles IrishPublic Health Laboratory Bristol, Bristol and South West Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Bristol.
Nick YoungPublic Health England, South West Centre, Exeter.
Isabel OliverField Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, Bristol, and NIHR Health Protection Unit on Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Bristol.
Sophie GillettPublic Health Laboratory Bristol, Bristol.
Alexandra CochraneSchool of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol.
University of Bristol · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K023233/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn 2012, hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing of people born in a country with a prevalence of ≥2% was recommended in the UK. Implementation of this recommendation requires an understanding of prior HBV testing practice and coverage, for which there are limited data.

aimTo estimate the proportion of migrants tested for HBV and explore GP testing practices and barriers to testing. DESIGN AND

settingA cross-sectional study of (a) migrants for whom testing was recommended under English national guidance, living in Bristol, and registered with a GP in 2006-2013, and (b) GPs practising in Bristol.

methodNHS patient demographic data and HBV laboratory surveillance data were linked. A person was defined as 'HBV-tested' if a laboratory result was available. An online GP survey was undertaken, using a structured questionnaire.

resultsAmong 82 561 migrants for whom HBV testing was recommended, 9627 (12%) were 'HBV-tested'. The HBV testing coverage was: Eastern Africa 20%; Western Africa 15%; South Eastern Asia 9%; Eastern Asia 5%. Of 19 GPs, the majority did not use guidelines to inform HBV testing in migrants and did not believe routine testing of migrants was indicated; 12/17 GPs stated that workload and lack of human, and financial resources were the most significant barriers to increased testing.

conclusionThe majority of migrants to a multicultural UK city from medium-/high-prevalence regions have no evidence of HBV testing. Much greater support for primary care in the UK and increased GP awareness of national guidance are required to achieve adherence to current testing guidance.

Indexed as

CitiesState MedicineTransients and MigrantsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityFemaleGuideline AdherenceHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHepatitis BHepatitis B virusHumansImmunization ProgramsMaleMass ScreeningPatient Acceptance of Health Carecross-sectional studiesdiagnosisgeneral practicehepatitis Btransients and migrantsUK

Identifiers

PMID27025556
PMCPMC4871303
OpenAlexW2323944247

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.