ArticleMicrobial ecology2016
Tobacco, Microbes, and Carcinogens: Correlation Between Tobacco Cure Conditions, Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Content, and Cured Leaf Microbial Community.
Article in Microbial ecology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial architects of cigar fermentation: a critical review of beneficial roles in quality enhancement and detrimental potential for mould spoilage.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Metabolic engineering for tobacco quality improvement: Advances and perspectives.Metabolic engineering communications · 2026Review
- Isolation of enzyme-producing microbial strains and their effects on the color and quality of tobacco stems.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Bacterial community structure associated with smokeless tobacco reference products under different storage conditions and durations.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Isolation of indigenousFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- 16S rDNA-Based Amplicon Analysis Unveiled a Correlation Between the Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Bacteriome of Commercial Smokeless Tobacco Products.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Exploring the Microbial Diversity and Composition of Three Cigar Product Categories.Microbial ecology · 2024Article
- Bacterial Spermosphere Inoculants AlterPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Smokeless Tobacco Harbors Bacteria Involved in Biofilm Formation as Well as Salt and Heavy Metal Tolerance Activity.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- An update on the formation in tobacco, toxicity and carcinogenicity of N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.Carcinogenesis · 2024Review
- Oral microbiome dysbiosis among cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users compared to non-users.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Applied microbiology of the phyllosphere.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Effects of fermentation chamber temperature on microbes and quality of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Analysis of differences in tobacco leaf microbial communities after redrying in Chinese provinces and from abroad.AMB Express · 2023Article
- Influence of Tobacco Variety and Curing on Free Radical Production in Cigarette Smoke.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Porous Polymers Containing Metallocalix[4]arene for the Extraction of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2022Article
- Effects of tobacco nitrate content on free radical levels in mainstream smoke.Free radical biology & medicine · 2022Article
- Composition and Ecological Functionality of Fungal Communities Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Products Mainly Consumed in India.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Profiling the role of microorganisms in quality improvement of the aged flue-cured tobacco.BMC microbiology · 2022Article
- Comparative and analytical characterization of the oral bacteriome of smokeless tobacco users with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines are carcinogenic N-nitrosamine compounds present at very low levels in freshly harvested tobacco leaves that accumulate during leaf curing. Formation of N-nitrosamine compounds is associated with high nitrate levels in the leaf at harvest, and nitrate is presumed to be the source from which the N-nitrosation species originates. More specifically, nitrite is considered to be a direct precursor, and nitrite is linked with N-nitrosation in many environmental matrices where it occurs via microbial nitrate reduction. Here, we initiate work exploring the role of leaf microbial communities in formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Leaves from burley tobacco line TN90H were air cured under various temperature and relative humidity levels, and 22 cured tobacco samples were analyzed for their microbial communities and leaf chemistry. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and total tobacco-specific nitrosamine levels revealed a strong positive correlation between the three variables, as well as a strong positive correlation with increasing relative humidity during cure conditions. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to assess microbial communities in each of the samples. In most samples, Proteobacteria predominated at the phylum level, accounting for >90 % of the OTUs. However, a distinct shift was noted among members of the high tobacco-specific nitrosamine group, with increases in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Several OTUs were identified that correlate strongly (positive and negative) with tobacco-specific nitrosamine content. Copy number of bacterial nitrate reductase genes, obtained using quantitative PCR, did not correlate strongly with tobacco-specific nitrosamine content. Incomplete denitrification is potentially implicated in tobacco-specific nitrosamine levels.
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