ArticlePharmacology research & perspectives2015
Clearance of rapid adenosine release is regulated by nucleoside transporters and metabolism.
Article in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurovascular Signaling in the Perivascular Space: Biophysical Principles and Disruption in Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Review
- Shared mechanisms of dopamine and ATP transmission in the nucleus accumbens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Adenosine in the Brain: Recent Progress on Detection, Function, and Translation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Purinergic Receptor P2Y1 Modulates Catecholamine Signaling in Murine Mesenteric Lymph Nodes.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Nucleoside transporters and immunosuppressive adenosine signaling in the tumor microenvironment: Potential therapeutic opportunities.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens Is under Tonic Inhibition by Adenosine AThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Dual-Channel Electrochemical Measurements Reveal Rapid Adenosine is Localized in Brain Slices.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Spontaneous, transient adenosine release is not enhanced in the CA1 region of hippocampus during severe ischemia models.Journal of neurochemistry · 2021Article
- Spontaneous Adenosine and Dopamine Cotransmission in the Caudate-Putamen Is Regulated by Adenosine Receptors.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2021Article
- AACS chemical neuroscience · 2020Article
- Cognitive Fatigue Effects on Physical Performance: The Role of Interoception.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Targeting of G-protein coupled receptors in sepsis.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2020Review
- Exercise-Induced Adaptations to the Mouse Striatal Adenosine System.Neural plasticity · 2020Article
- Electrochemistry at the Synapse.Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.) · 2019Review
- Frontiers in Electrochemical Sensors for Neurotransmitter Detection: Towards Measuring Neurotransmitters as Chemical Diagnostics for Brain Disorders.Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications · 2019Article
- A Sensitive and Wide Coverage Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging Method for Functional Metabolites Based Molecular Histology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2018Article
- Mental Fatigue Impairs Endurance Performance: A Physiological Explanation.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Review
- Article
- Regional Variations of Spontaneous, Transient Adenosine Release in Brain Slices.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2018Article
- Early changes in transient adenosine during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.PloS one · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuromodulator that regulates neurotransmission in the brain and central nervous system. Recently, spontaneous adenosine release that is cleared in 3-4 sec was discovered in mouse spinal cord slices and anesthetized rat brains. Here, we examined the clearance of spontaneous adenosine in the rat caudate-putamen and exogenously applied adenosine in caudate brain slices. The V max for clearance of exogenously applied adenosine in brain slices was 1.4 ± 0.1 μmol/L/sec. In vivo, the equilibrative nucleoside transport 1 (ENT1) inhibitor, S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the duration of adenosine, while the ENT1/2 inhibitor, dipyridamole (10 mg/kg, i.p.), did not affect duration. 5-(3-Bromophenyl)-7-[6-(4-morpholinyl)-3-pyrido[2,3-d]byrimidin-4-amine dihydrochloride (ABT-702), an adenosine kinase inhibitor (5 mg/kg, i.p.), increased the duration of spontaneous adenosine release. The adenosine deaminase inhibitor, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) (10 mg/kg, i.p.), also increased the duration in vivo. Similarly, NBTI (10 μmol/L), ABT-702 (100 nmol/L), or EHNA (20 μmol/L) also decreased the clearance rate of exogenously applied adenosine in brain slices. The increases in duration for blocking ENT1, adenosine kinase, or adenosine deaminase individually were similar, about 0.4 sec in vivo; thus, the removal of adenosine on a rapid time scale occurs through three mechanisms that have comparable effects. A cocktail of ABT-702, NBTI, and EHNA significantly increased the duration by 0.7 sec, so the mechanisms are not additive and there may be additional mechanisms clearing adenosine on a rapid time scale. The presence of multiple mechanisms for adenosine clearance on a time scale of seconds demonstrates that adenosine is tightly regulated in the extracellular space.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.