ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2016
Spotlight on botulinum toxin and its potential in the treatment of stroke-related spasticity.
Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review: efficacy of botulinum toxin in walking and quality of life in post-stroke lower limb spasticity.Systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of upper limb spasticity in adults after stroke or traumatic brain injury.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Research progress in the use of botulinum toxin type a for post-stroke spasticity rehabilitation: a narrative review.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Changes in serum levels of pain mediators in hemiplegic shoulder pain.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Upper Extremity Dry Needling in Chronic Stroke.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Characteristic Variation of Electromechanical Delay After the Botulinum Toxin Injection in Spastic Biceps Brachii Muscles.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Perspective of an International Online Patient and Caregiver Community on the Burden of Spasticity and Impact of Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy: Survey Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2020Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection in Adult Cervical Dystonia and Spastic Paresis: Results From the INPUT (INjection Practice, Usage and Training) Survey.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Intracortical Circuits in the Contralesional Primary Motor Cortex in Patients With Chronic Stroke After Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection: Case Studies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- Intensive therapy after botulinum toxin in adults with spasticity after stroke versus botulinum toxin alone or therapy alone: a pilot, feasibility randomized trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2018Article
- Rehabilitation of Motor Function after Stroke: A Multiple Systematic Review Focused on Techniques to Stimulate Upper Extremity Recovery.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2016Review
- Advances in the diagnosis and management of post-stroke limb spasticity: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurologyReview
- Pharmacological differences and clinical implications of various botulinum toxin preparations: a critical appraisal.Functional neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Poststroke spasticity affects up to one-half of stroke patients and has debilitating effects, contributing to diminished activities of daily living, quality of life, pain, and functional impairments. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is proven to be safe and effective in the treatment of focal poststroke spasticity. The aim of this review is to highlight BoNT and its potential in the treatment of upper and lower limb poststroke spasticity. We review evidence for the efficacy of BoNT type A and B formulations and address considerations of optimal injection technique, patient and caregiver satisfaction, and potential adverse effects of BoNT.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.