ArticleOecologia2016
Susceptibility to disease varies with ontogeny and immunocompetence in a threatened amphibian.
Article in Oecologia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chytridiomycosis infection and heat compromise sperm quality in a threatened frog.The Journal of experimental biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Ontogeny of immunity and potential implications for co-infection.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Amphibian infection tolerance to chytridiomycosis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Complex Organisms Must Deal with Complex Threats: How Does Amphibian Conservation Deal with Biphasic Life Cycles?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Critical review of the phytohemagglutinin assay for assessing amphibian immunity.Conservation physiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Chytridiomycosis-induced mortality in a threatened anuran.PloS one · 2020Article
- Population-Level Resistance to Chytridiomycosis is Life-Stage Dependent in an Imperiled Anuran.EcoHealth · 2019Article
- Microbiota and skin defense peptides may facilitate coexistence of two sympatric Andean frog species with a lethal pathogen.The ISME journal · 2019Article
- Interaction between temperature and sublethal infection with the amphibian chytrid fungus impacts a susceptible frog species.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Host age alters amphibian susceptibility to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, an emerging infectious fungal pathogen.PloS one · 2019Article
- Body size influences energetic and osmoregulatory costs in frogs infected with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Exploring the link between ultraviolet B radiation and immune function in amphibians: implications for emerging infectious diseases.Conservation physiology · 2018Review
- Disease-associated change in an amphibian life-history trait.Oecologia · 2017Article
- Article
- Life history linked to immune investment in developing amphibians.Conservation physiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ontogenetic changes in disease susceptibility have been demonstrated in many vertebrate taxa, as immature immune systems and limited prior exposure to pathogens can place less developed juveniles at a greater disease risk. By causing the disease chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection has led to the decline of many amphibian species. Despite increasing knowledge on how Bd varies in its effects among species, little is known on the interaction between susceptibility and development within host species. We compared the ontogenetic susceptibility of post-metamorphic green and golden bell frogs Litoria aurea to chytridiomycosis by simultaneously measuring three host-pathogen responses as indicators of the development of the fungus-infection load, survival rate, and host immunocompetence-following Bd exposure in three life stages (recently metamorphosed juveniles, subadults, adults) over 95 days. Frogs exposed to Bd as recently metamorphosed juveniles acquired higher infection loads and experienced lower immune function and lower survivorship than subadults and adults, indicating an ontogenetic decline in chytridiomycosis susceptibility. By corresponding with an intrinsic developmental maturation in immunocompetence seen in uninfected frogs, we suggest these developmental changes in host susceptibility in L. aurea may be immune mediated. Consequently, the physiological relationship between ontogeny and immunity may affect host population structure and demography through variation in life stage survival, and understanding this can shape management targets for effective amphibian conservation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.