SynthesisNature communications2016
Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error.
Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in Nature communications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
12.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci associated with age-related macular degeneration.Journal of human genetics · 2020Pooled it
- Association of 5p15.2 and 15q14 with high myopia in Tujia and Miao Chinese populations.BMC ophthalmology · 2020Pooled it
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis highlights light-induced signaling as a driver for refractive error.Nature genetics · 2018Pooled it
- Cross-ancestry genome-wide association analysis of corneal thickness strengthens link between complex and Mendelian eye diseases.Nature communications · 2018Pooled it
- A genome-wide association study of corneal astigmatism: The CREAM Consortium.Molecular vision · 2018Pooled it
- Disparity and Inequity of Elementary School Children's Vision Health and Basic Clinic Resources in Rural and Urban Areas in Taiwan.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [A population-based survey of myopia on primary school students in an administrative district, 2019 to 2024].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Article
- Advances in the genetics of refractive errors: Contributions from the CREAM consortium.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- Splicing variants in MYRF cause partial loss of function in the retinal pigment epithelium leading to nanophthalmos.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Epidemiological investigative report on ocular morbidity in children in rural Kenya.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Factors associated with the high prevalence of myopia and its decrease-A historical review.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Review
- Topical Application of Everolimus Attenuates Lens-Induced Myopia Through mTORC1 Suppression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Evaluating efficacy of 0.125% atropine using a myopia progression machine learning model.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Integrative Mendelian randomization for detecting exposure-by-group interactions using group-specific and combined summary statistics.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association study identified novel loci and gene-environment interaction for refractive error in children.NPJ genomic medicine · 2025Article
- Genomic determinants of biological age estimated by deep learning applied to retinal images.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Refractive Error and Ocular Pathology of Children Examined in an Ophthalmological Practice in Moldova.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Urea Transporters and Their Gene Mutations in Diseases.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Exome-wide genetic risk score (ExGRS) to predict high myopia across multi-ancestry populations.Communications medicine · 2024Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
155 authors at 20 institutions in 18 countries.
Qiao FanSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Virginie J M VerhoevenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Robert WojciechowskiComputational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
Veluchamy A BarathiSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Pirro G HysiDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Jeremy A GuggenheimSchool of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-340X
René HöhnDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Veronique VitartMedical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland.
Anthony P KhawajaDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-8585
Kenji YamashiroDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-8558
S Mohsen HosseiniProgram in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland.
Yi LuStatistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
Toomas HallerEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Jing XieCentre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
Cécile DelcourtUniversité de Bordeaux, ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie et de Développement), Bordeaux 33000, France.
Mario PirastuInstitute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy.
Juho WedenojaDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
Puya GharahkhaniStatistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-5952
Cristina VenturiniDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Masahiro MiyakeDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
Alex W HewittCentre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
Xiaobo GuoDepartment of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Johanna MazurInstitute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Jenifer E HuffmanMedical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland.
Katie M WilliamsDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Ozren PolasekFaculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia.
Harry CampbellUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.
Igor RudanUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-6884
Zoran VatavukDepartment of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
James F WilsonUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-9178
Peter K JoshiUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6361-5059
George McMahonMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
Beate St PourcainMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-3517
David M EvansMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
Claire L SimpsonComputational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-7690
Tae-Hwi Schwantes-AnComputational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
Robert P IgoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Alireza MirshahiDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Audrey Cougnard-GregoireUniversité de Bordeaux, ISPED (Institut de Santé Publique d'Épidémiologie et de Développement), Bordeaux 33000, France.
Céline BellenguezInserm, U1167, Lille 59000, France.
Maria BlettnerInstitute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Olli RaitakariResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.
Mika KähönenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland.
Ilkka SeppalaDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland.
Tanja ZellerClinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Thomas MeitingerInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia
Janina S RiedInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Christian GiegerInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Laura PortasInstitute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy.
Elisabeth M van LeeuwenDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Najaf AminDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
André G UitterlindenDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Fernando RivadeneiraDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-9441
Albert HofmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Johannes R VingerlingDepartment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Ya Xing WangBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China.
Xu WangSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
Eileen Tai-Hui BohSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
M Kamran IkramSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Charumathi SabanayagamSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Preeti GuptaSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Vincent TanSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Lei ZhouSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Candice E H HoSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Wan'e LimDepartment of Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore Singapore 119228, Singapore.
Roger W BeuermanSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Rosalynn SiantarSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
E-Shyong TaiDuke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
Eranga VithanaSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Evelin MihailovEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Chiea-Chuen KhorSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Caroline HaywardMedical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland.
Robert N LubenDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
Paul J FosterDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
Barbara E K KleinDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA.
Ronald KleinDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA.
Hoi-Suen WongProgram in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Paul MitchellDepartment of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
Tin AungSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Terri L YoungDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-9941
Mingguang HeState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-2810
Olavi PärssinenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland.
Cornelia M van DuijnDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Jie Jin WangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
Cathy WilliamsSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
Jost B JonasBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-5227
Yik-Ying TeoSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health Systems, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
David A MackeyMenzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.
Konrad OexleInstitute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Nagahisa YoshimuraDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
Andrew D PatersonProgram in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
Norbert PfeifferDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Tien-Yin WongSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Paul N BairdCentre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
Dwight StambolianDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Joan E Bailey WilsonComputational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
Ching-Yu ChengSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Christopher J HammondDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.
Caroline C W KlaverDepartment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Seang-Mei SawSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
Jugnoo S Rahi
Jean-François Korobelnik
John P Kemp
Nicholas J Timpson
George Davey Smith
Jamie E Craig
Kathryn P Burdon
Rhys D Fogarty
Sudha K Iyengar
Emily Chew
Sarayut Janmahasatian
Nicholas G Martin
Stuart MacGregorStatistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
Liang XuBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China.
Maria SchacheCentre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
Vinay Nangia
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
Alan F WrightMedical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland.
Jeremy R Fondran
Jonathan H Lass
Sheng Feng
Jing Hua Zhao
Kay-Tee KhawDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
Nick J Wareham
Taina Rantanen
Jaakko Kaprio
Chi Pui Pang
Li Jia Chen
Pancy O Tam
Vishal Jhanji
Alvin L Young
Angela Döring
Leslie J Raffel
Mary-Frances Cotch
Xiaohui Li
Shea Ping Yip
Maurice K H Yap
Ginevra Biino
Simona VaccargiuInstitute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy.
Maurizio FossarelloInstitute of Population Genetics, National Research Council, Sassari 07100, Italy.
Brian Fleck
Seyhan YazarCentre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia.
Jan Willem L TidemanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Milly TedjaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Margaret M Deangelis
Margaux Morrison
Lindsay Farrer
Xiangtian Zhou
Wei Chen
Nobuhisa Mizuki
Akira Meguro
Kari Matti Mäkelä
National University of Singapore · SGErasmus MC · NLSingapore National Eye Center · SGUniversity of Bristol · GBChinese University of Hong Kong · HKJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz · DENational Institutes of Health · USNational Research Council · ITInstitute of Genetics and Cancer · GBKing's College London · GBQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · AUUniversity of Cambridge · GBBeijing Tongren Hospital · CNCase Western Reserve University · USCentre for Global Health Research · CAFlinders University · AUHelmholtz Zentrum München · DEKyoto University · JPTampere University · FIThe University of Melbourne · AU
Funding
Genetic Epidemiology of Complex TraitsZIAHG200327 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI BAILEY-WILSON, JOAN ELLEN · 2009 to 2022
$10.5MThe Molecular Genetics of High MyopiaR01EY014685 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI YOUNG, TERRI LOIS · 2003 to 2017
$8.1MAge, Gene/environment Susceptibility Study In Iceland - Ocular ComponentZIAEY000401 · NEI · NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE · PI COTCH, MARY FRANCES · 2009 to 2020
$3.3MMulti-ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis - Vision ComponentZIAEY000403 · NEI · NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE · PI COTCH, MARY FRANCES · 2009 to 2020
$1.8MIntegrative Data Analysis for Refractive ErrorR01EY024233 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI STAMBOLIAN, DWIGHT EDWARD · 2014 to 2016
$1.2MGene-environment-wide interaction studies of ocular refractionK08EY022943 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WOJCIECHOWSKI, ROBERT J. · 2013 to 2017
$776kDepartment of Health SRF/01/010Medical Research Council G0401527Medical Research Council G9815508Medical Research Council MC_PC_15018Medical Research Council MC_PC_U127561128Medical Research Council MC_U106179471Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/3Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/4Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/1Medical Research Council MR/K006584/1Medical Research Council MR/K023721/1Medical Research Council MR/N003284/1NEI NIH HHS K08 EY022943NEI NIH HHS R01 EY014685NEI NIH HHS R01 EY024233Wellcome Trust 102215
Abstract
Myopia is the most common human eye disorder and it results from complex genetic and environmental causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of myopia poses a major public health challenge. Here, the CREAM consortium performs a joint meta-analysis to test single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) main effects and SNP × education interaction effects on refractive error in 40,036 adults from 25 studies of European ancestry and 10,315 adults from 9 studies of Asian ancestry. In European ancestry individuals, we identify six novel loci (FAM150B-ACP1, LINC00340, FBN1, DIS3L-MAP2K1, ARID2-SNAT1 and SLC14A2) associated with refractive error. In Asian populations, three genome-wide significant loci AREG, GABRR1 and PDE10A also exhibit strong interactions with education (P<8.5 × 10(-5)), whereas the interactions are less evident in Europeans. The discovery of these loci represents an important advance in understanding how gene and environment interactions contribute to the heterogeneity of myopia.
Indexed as
Educational StatusEnvironmentGenetic LociGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyAsian PeopleGene Expression ProfilingHumansPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRefractive ErrorsWhite People
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