Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27019699›Full record

ReviewF1000Research2016

The importance of understanding individual differences in Down syndrome.

Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Tamara Al-Janabi, Hana D'Souza, Jurgen Groet, Esha Massand, Kin Mok, Carla Startin, Elizabeth Fisher, John Hardy, Dean Nizetic and 2 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in F1000Research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04394221 (Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Parental Perception in A Group of Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 89 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
89citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
19.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04394221 completednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Parental Perception in A Group of Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

TypeobservationalSponsorCairo UniversityRan2021 to 2021Enrolled194ConditionsQuality of Life, Down Syndrome, Oral Health
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

89 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Language Intervention in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Developmental Profile and Variability in Preschool-Age Children With Down Syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026
    Article
  6. Sex-specific developmental phenotypes and their response to neonatalbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
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  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. A Review of Clinical Trials in Down Syndrome.International review of research in developmental disabilities · 2025
    Article
  20. Blood biomarkers in Down syndrome: Facilitating Alzheimer's disease detection and monitoring.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Review

29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Annette Karmiloff-SmithCentre for Brain & Cognitive Development, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK.
Tamara Al-JanabiThe London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
Hana D'SouzaCentre for Brain & Cognitive Development, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK.
Jurgen GroetThe London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK; The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
Esha MassandCentre for Brain & Cognitive Development, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK.
Kin MokThe London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Carla StartinThe London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
Elizabeth FisherThe London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
John HardyThe London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
Dean NizeticThe London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK; The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Biopolis, 138673, Singapore.
Victor TybulewiczThe London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London, NW7 1AA, UK; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Andre StrydomThe London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
University College London · GBBirkbeck, University of London · GBInstitute of Neurobiology · BGNanyang Technological University · SGQueen Mary University of London · GBThe Francis Crick Institute · GBUniversity of Hong Kong · HK

Funding

Medical Research Council G0601056Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this article, we first present a summary of the general assumptions about Down syndrome (DS) still to be found in the literature. We go on to show how new research has modified these assumptions, pointing to a wide range of individual differences at every level of description. We argue that, in the context of significant increases in DS life expectancy, a focus on individual differences in trisomy 21 at all levels-genetic, cellular, neural, cognitive, behavioral, and environmental-constitutes one of the best approaches for understanding genotype/phenotype relations in DS and for exploring risk and protective factors for Alzheimer's disease in this high-risk population.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseaseDown syndromeneurodevelopmental disordertrisomy 21

Identifiers

PMID27019699
PMCPMC4806704
OpenAlexW2335434281

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.