ArticleEpigenetics2016
Anaplasma phagocytophilum increases the levels of histone modifying enzymes to inhibit cell apoptosis and facilitate pathogen infection in the tick vector Ixodes scapularis.
Article in Epigenetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Surveillance Reveals Diverse Tick-Borne Pathogens in Northern California.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immuno-Informatics Design of Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate AgainstHealth science reports · 2026Article
- Contrasting epigenetics of Ixodes scapularis populations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- An arthropod transporter IsOATP4056 exerts inhibitory effect on its interacting membrane protein to facilitate rickettsial pathogen survival in ticks.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- The host calcium system contributes to intracellularInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Roles of Epigenetic Regulators During the Embryonic Development ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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- Changes in the Transcriptome and Long Non-Coding RNAs but Not the Methylome Occur in Human Cells Exposed toGenes · 2024Article
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- Molecular characterization and induced changes of histone acetyltransferases in the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis in response to cold stress.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Guild Dynamics and Pathogen Interactions inTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization and modulated expression of histone acetyltransferases during cold response of the tick Dermacentor silvarum (Acari: Ixodidae).Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- De novo assembly and annotation of the Amblyomma hebraeum tick midgut transcriptome response to Ehrlichia ruminantium infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- The Behavior ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Plasma Proteomic Profile of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Co-Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Host Immune Responses to Salivary Components - A Critical Facet of Tick-Host Interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- What do we know about the microbiome ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms have not been characterized in ticks despite their importance as vectors of human and animal diseases worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize the histones and histone modifying enzymes (HMEs) of the tick vector Ixodes scapularis and their role during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. We first identified 5 histones and 34 HMEs in I. scapularis in comparison with similar proteins in model organisms. Then, we used transcriptomic and proteomic data to analyze the mRNA and protein levels of I. scapularis histones and HMEs in response to A. phagocytophilum infection of tick tissues and cultured cells. Finally, selected HMEs were functionally characterized by pharmacological studies in cultured tick cells. The results suggest that A. phagocytophilum manipulates tick cell epigenetics to increase I. scapularis p300/CBP, histone deacetylase, and Sirtuin levels, resulting in an inhibition of cell apoptosis that in turn facilitates pathogen infection and multiplication. These results also suggest that a compensatory mechanism might exist by which A. phagocytophilum manipulates tick HMEs to regulate transcription and apoptosis in a tissue-specific manner to facilitate infection, but preserving tick fitness to guarantee survival of both pathogens and ticks. Our study also indicates that the pathogen manipulates arthropod and vertebrate cell epigenetics in similar ways to inhibit the host response to infection. Epigenetic regulation of tick biological processes is an essential element of the infection by A. phagocytophilum and the study of the mechanisms and principal actors involved is likely to provide clues for the development of anti-tick drugs and vaccines.
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