ReviewInternational journal of pharmaceutical investigation
Insulin delivery methods: Past, present and future.
Review in International journal of pharmaceutical investigation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Technology for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia and MENA Region: A Systematic Review.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Pooled it
- A one-week reduced-carbohydrate diet to mitigate iatrogenic peripheral hyperinsulinemia does not improve insulin sensitivity or endothelial function in a randomized, crossover trial in patients with type 1 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Trial
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bioequivalence between regular human insulin (rDNA origin) in 0.9% sodium chloride ready-to-use infusion 1 U/mL and 100 U/mL concentrate diluted to 1 U/mL in healthy males.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Trial
- A randomized controlled trial-based algorithm for insulin-pump therapy in hyperglycemic patients early after kidney transplantation.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Impact of Injection Speed, Volume, and Site on Pain Sensation.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2018Trial
- Glucose-Responsive Nanomedicine in Diabetes Therapy: Emerging Advances and Clinical Prospects.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Review
- Exploring the Potential of Nuciferine in Diabetes ManagementCurrent medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Stem cell therapy: a paradigm shift in reversing type 1 diabetes mellitus.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Application and development prospects of bio-based smart responsive hydrogels in insulin delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- New Technologies for Blood Glucose Management in Elderly Diabetics: An Interpretation of theAging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2025Review
- Emerging Insulin Analogues: A Glimpse into How Insulin Analogues May Look in the near Future.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Review
- Needle characteristics and the insulin injection experience in patients with diabetes.Acta diabetologica · 2025Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled TechnosphereDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Effects of piperine on intestinal permeation, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of insulin loaded chitosan coated solid lipid nanoparticles in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advances in Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Clinical Applications.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Transdermal Insulin Delivery Using Ionic Liquid-Mediated Nanovesicles for Diabetes Treatment.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- The Dilemma of Insulin Delivery into the Brain: A Comprehensive Review.Current drug delivery · 2025Review
- A safe-enhanced fully closed-loop artificial pancreas controller based on deep reinforcement learning.PloS one · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and all patients with T1DM require insulin to keep blood glucose levels in the target range. The most common route of insulin administration is subcutaneous insulin injections. There are many ways to deliver insulin subcutaneously such as vials and syringes, insulin pens, and insulin pumps. Though subcutaneous insulin delivery is the standard route of insulin administration, it is associated with injection pain, needle phobia, lipodystrophy, noncompliance and peripheral hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, the need exists for delivering insulin in a minimally invasive or noninvasive and in most physiological way. Inhaled insulin was the first approved noninvasive and alternative way to deliver insulin, but it has been withdrawn from the market. Technologies are being explored to make the noninvasive delivery of insulin possible. Some of the routes of insulin administration that are under investigation are oral, buccal, nasal, peritoneal and transdermal. This review article focuses on the past, present and future of various insulin delivery techniques. This article has focused on different possible routes of insulin administration with its advantages and limitation and possible scope for the new drug development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.