ReviewWorld journal of psychiatry2016
Sex differences in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
Review in World journal of psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 176 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
176 citing papers in PubMed, 302 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in the association between tau PET and cognitive performance in a non-Hispanic White cohort with preclinical AD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Trial
- Patterns of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults-findings from the EMCOA study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2018Trial
- Clinical dementia severity associated with ventricular size is differentially moderated by cognitive reserve in men and women.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2018Trial
- Article
- Sex specificity of resistance to caTAUstrophe.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The extragonadal biology of gonadotropin hormones: should we rename these?Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Generalizable and explainable deep learning for brain MRI: a multi-cohort evaluation of 3D architectures for age and sex prediction.Brain informatics · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial NADK2-dependent NADPH controls tau oligomer uptake in human neurons.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Predictors of cognitive resilience in the old-old: An observational study using real-world electronic health record data.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Observational
- Sex differences in neuromodulatory subcortical systems and their implications for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Article
- Sex-specific early cognitive changes are linked to global and pathway-specific genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease in at-risk individuals.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Associations between independent or concurrent decline in upper and lower limb strength and cognitive impairment.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Role of GSK-3 Inhibition in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.Current Alzheimer research · 2026Review
- Age-dependent vulnerability to spatial memory interference in APP/PS1 mice.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent grey matter atrophy in Alzheimer's disease progression.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Uncovering pathology, subjective cognitive complaints, and sex in early Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Rising heart failure mortality in Alzheimer's patients: A CDC wonder database analysis of trends and disparities from 1999 to 2020.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
- Targeting FSH for osteoporosis, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease.Trends in molecular medicine · 2025Review
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex differences in neurocognitive abilities have been extensively explored both in the healthy population and in many disorders. Until recently, however, little work has examined such differences in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is despite clear evidence that AD is more prevalent in women, and converging lines of evidence from brain imaging, post-mortem analyses, hormone therapy and genetics suggesting that AD affects men and women differently. We provide an overview of evidence attesting to the poorer cognitive profiles in women than in men at the same stage of AD. Indeed, men significantly outperform women in several cognitive domains, including: Language and semantic abilities, visuospatial abilities and episodic memory. These differences do not appear to be attributable to any differences in age, education, or dementia severity. Reasons posited for this female disadvantage include a reduction of estrogen in postmenopausal women, greater cognitive reserve in men, and the influence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. Assessment of cognitive abilities contributes to the diagnosis of the condition and thus, it is crucial to identify the role of sex differences if potentially more accurate diagnoses and treatments are to emerge.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.