ArticleOncotarget2016
Blockage of autophagy pathway enhances Salmonella tumor-targeting.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioengineered systems to exploit tumor microenvironment metabolism.Trends in cancer · 2026Review
- Research progress and clinical translation challenges in the use of oncolytic bacteria for cancer therapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Shaping death: how the microbiome regulates tumour cell demise and therapy response.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- The renaissance ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Bacteria-Based Roles in Solid Tumors: Potential for Prevention and Treatment.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Resynthesis of synthetic biology techniques: combining engineered bacteria with other antitumour therapies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Beyond Tumor Borders: Intratumoral Microbiome Effects on Tumor Behavior and Therapeutic Responses.Immune network · 2024Review
- Harnessing Bacterial Agents to Modulate the Tumor Microenvironment and Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2024Review
- Selective autophagy in cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Streptococcal bacterial components in cancer therapy.Cancer gene therapy · 2022Review
- Crosstalk between autophagy and microbiota in cancer progression.Molecular cancer · 2021Review
- Integration ofCancers · 2021Review
- Perspectives on OncolyticFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Innovative Approaches of Engineering Tumor-Targeting Bacteria with Different Therapeutic Payloads to Fight Cancer: A Smart Strategy of Disease Management.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- Detection of tumors with fluoromarker-releasing bacteria.International journal of cancer · 2020Article
- Bacteria-cancer interactions: bacteria-based cancer therapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2019Review
- Xenophagy: A battlefield between host and microbe, and a possible avenue for cancer treatment.Autophagy · 2017Article
- Bacterial xenophagy and its possible role in cancer: A potential antimicrobial strategy for cancer prevention and treatment.Autophagy · 2017Review
- Chloroquine enhanced the anticancer capacity of VNP20009 by inhibiting autophagy.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that strains of Salmonella typhimurium specifically target tumors in mouse models of cancer. In this study, we report that tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (A1-R) or VNP20009 induced autophagy in human cancer cells, which serves as a defense response. Functionally, by knockdown of essential autophagy genes Atg5 or Beclin1 in bacteria-infected cancer cells, the autophagy pathway was blocked, which led to a significant increase of intracellular bacteria multiplication in cancer cells. Genetic inactivation of the autophagy pathway enhanced A1-R or VNP20009-mediated cancer cell killing by increasing apoptotic activity. We also demonstrate that the combination of pharmacological autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) or bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) with tumor-targeting A1-R or VNP20009 significantly enhanced cancer-cell killing compared with Salmonella infection alone. These findings provide a proof-of-concept of combining autophagy inhibitors and tumor-targeting Salmonella to enhance cancer-cell killing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.