Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27013447›Full record

ReviewBiomedical journal2015

Antigen specificity of invariant natural killer T-cells.

Alysia M Birkholz, Mitchell Kronenberg

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedical journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. NKT Cells Contribute to the Control of Microbial Infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Natural killer T cells.Biomedical journal · 2015
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alysia M BirkholzDivision of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
Mitchell KronenbergDivision of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA. Electronic address: mitch@lji.org.
University of California, San Diego · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural killer T-cells, with an invariant T-cell antigen receptor α-chain (iNKT cells), are unique and conserved subset of lymphocytes capable of altering the immune system through their rapid and potent cytokine responses. They are reactive to lipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that is not highly polymorphic. iNKT cell responses frequently involve mixtures of cytokines that work against each other, and therefore attempts are underway to develop synthetic antigens that elicit only strong interferon-gamma (IFNγ) or only strong interleukin-4 responses but not both. Strong IFNγ responses may correlate with tighter binding to CD1d and prolonged stimulation of iNKT cells, and this may be useful for vaccine adjuvants and for stimulating anti-tumor responses. iNKT cells are self-reactive although the structure of the endogenous antigen is controversial. By contrast, bacterial and fungal lipids that engage the T-cell receptor and activate IFNγ from iNKT cells have been identified from both pathogenic and commensal organisms and the responses are in some cases highly protective from pathogens in mice. It is possible that the expanding knowledge of iNKT cell antigens and iNKT cell activation will provide the basis for therapies for patients suffering from infectious and immune diseases and cancer.

Indexed as

EpitopesAnimalsAntigens, BacterialAntigens, CD1dAntigens, FungalAntigens, ProtozoanHumansNatural Killer T-CellsAntigens, BacterialAntigens, CD1dAntigens, FungalAntigens, ProtozoanEpitopesGlycolipidImmune systemNatural killer T-cells

Identifiers

PMID27013447
PMCPMC6138764
OpenAlexW2312125064

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.