ArticleCancer research2016
CSF1 Overexpression Promotes High-Grade Glioma Formation without Impacting the Polarization Status of Glioma-Associated Microglia and Macrophages.
Article in Cancer research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma: Cellular plasticity and therapy resistance in crosstalk.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Characterizing CSF inflammatory proteomics in pediatric post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and Anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Exploring tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: from diversity to therapy.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Review
- Emerging macrophage-based therapies for cancer: a review of preclinical and clinical advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Role of Innate Immunity in Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Piezo1-related physiological and pathological processes in glioblastoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Understanding the Immune System and Biospecimen-Based Response in Glioblastoma: A Practical Guide to Utilizing Signal Redundancy for Biomarker and Immune Signature Discovery.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Review
- Biosensor-Enhanced Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Investigating Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- CLEC7A regulates M2 macrophages to suppress the immune microenvironment and implies poorer prognosis of glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Underlying mechanisms and clinical potential of circRNAs in glioblastoma.Oncology research · 2023Review
- Recruitment mechanisms and therapeutic implications of tumor-associated macrophages in the glioma microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy of glioblastoma: Recent advances and future prospects.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Tumor cell-derived asymmetric dimethylarginine regulates macrophage functions and polarization.Cancer cell international · 2022Article
- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and its related signaling pathways in the regulation of tumor-associated macrophages polarization.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Review
- Brain cancer stem cells: resilience through adaptive plasticity and hierarchical heterogeneity.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Current therapies for high-grade gliomas extend survival only modestly. The glioma microenvironment, including glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAM), is a potential therapeutic target. The microglia/macrophage cytokine CSF1 and its receptor CSF1R are overexpressed in human high-grade gliomas. To determine whether the other known CSF1R ligand IL34 is expressed in gliomas, we examined expression array data of human high-grade gliomas and performed RT-PCR on glioblastoma sphere-forming cell lines (GSC). Expression microarray analyses indicated that CSF1, but not IL34, is frequently overexpressed in human tumors. We found that while GSCs did express CSF1, most GSC lines did not express detectable levels of IL34 mRNA. We therefore studied the impact of modulating CSF1 levels on gliomagenesis in the context of the GFAP-V12Ha-ras-IRESLacZ (Ras*) model. Csf1 deficiency deterred glioma formation in the Ras* model, whereas CSF1 transgenic overexpression decreased the survival of Ras* mice and promoted the formation of high-grade gliomas. Conversely, CSF1 overexpression increased GAM density, but did not impact GAM polarization state. Regardless of CSF1 expression status, most GAMs were negative for the M2 polarization markers ARG1 and CD206; when present, ARG1(+) and CD206(+) cells were found in regions of peripheral immune cell invasion. Therefore, our findings indicate that CSF1 signaling is oncogenic during gliomagenesis through a mechanism distinct from modulating GAM polarization status. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2552-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.