Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27011769›Full record

ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2016

Double-diabetes in a real-world sample of 2711 individuals: associated with insulin treatment or part of the heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes?

Fernando M A Giuffrida, Caroline Bulcão, Roberta A Cobas, Carlos Antonio Negrato, Marilia B Gomes, Sergio Atala Dib, Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG)

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Fernando M A GiuffridaDepartamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Rua Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 41.150-000 Brazil ; Centro de Diabetes e Endocrinologia do Estado da Bahia (CEDEBA), Salvador, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-5566-8070
Caroline BulcãoCentro de Diabetes e Endocrinologia do Estado da Bahia (CEDEBA), Salvador, Brazil.
Roberta A CobasUniversidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
Carlos Antonio NegratoAssociação de Diabéticos de Bauru, Bauru, Brazil.
Marilia B GomesUniversidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
Sergio Atala DibCentro de Diabetes, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG)
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro · BRUniversidade do Estado da Bahia · BRUniversidade Federal de São Paulo · BR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDouble diabetes (DD) describes both individuals with obesity upon diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and those who have gained weight during follow-up, although cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) are not well understood in this group. We aim to evaluate the frequency of DD in a real-world type 1 diabetes sample and the interaction of insulin treatment with CVRF.

methodsMulticentre cross-sectional study of 2711 individuals with clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes from secondary diabetes centres in 20 Brazilian cities.

resultsPatients with diabetes duration <5 and ≥5 years had similar frequency of overweight (20.4 vs. 25 %) and obesity, (9.8 vs. 6.1 %), p 0.28 for trend. Insulin dose (U/kg/day) was lower in obese individuals compared to normal BMI, with mean (95 % CI) 0.72 (0.62-0.83) vs. 0.88 (0.84-0.92) U/kg/day for diabetes duration <5 years and 0.84 (0.77-0.92) vs. 0.99 (0.97-1.01) U/kg/day for duration ≥5 years. Obese individuals had lower HDL (47.5 vs. 54.4 mg/dL) and higher non-HDL-cholesterol (134.5 vs. 115.2 mg/dL) than lean ones only among those with more than 5 years of diabetes.

conclusionsLower insulin doses in obese individuals point to a role of clinical heterogeneity in insulin deficiency rather than normal progression of type 1 diabetes. Early obesity in type 1 diabetes is associated to lower HDL-cholesterol and higher number of CVRF. These data suggest a broad landscape of pathophysiological phenomena in double diabetes, rather than simple progression of a homogeneous clinical entity.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular risk factorsDouble diabetesType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID27011769
PMCPMC4804538
OpenAlexW2262945283

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.