ArticleClinical and translational gastroenterology2016
KRAS G12D Mutation Subtype Is A Prognostic Factor for Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.
Article in Clinical and translational gastroenterology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- KRAS/BRAF mutations in brain arteriovenous malformations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2021Pooled it
- Germline Variants and Risk for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Emerging Concepts.Pancreas · 2018Pooled it
- CD40 agonist mitazalimab with mFOLFIRINOX in untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer: Biomarkers associated with outcomes from OPTIMIZE-1.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- A prospective clinical and biological database for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: the BACAP cohort.BMC cancer · 2018Trial
- Unexpected Long-Term Survival in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Harboring KRAS G12R with an Ultra-Low-VAF SMAD4 Mutation: A Case Report and Mini-Review.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Molecular dynamics driving phenotypic divergence among KRAS mutants in pancreatic tumorigenesis.Developmental cell · 2026Article
- Crosstalk between KRAS and miRNAs in pancreatic cancer: Opportunities for its diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Prognostic Implications of Codon-SpecificJCO precision oncology · 2026Article
- Lung adenocarcinoma with KRAS-Q61H: clinicopathologic features, diagnostics, and the evolving treatment landscape.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Clinical and Molecular Characteristics ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Hit Prioritization Strategy for Compound Library Screening Using LiP-MS and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Applied to KRas G12D Inhibitors.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Novel paradigms in KRAS targeting: Unveiling strategies to combat drug resistance.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Comprehensive insights into pancreatic cancer treatment approaches and cutting-edge nanocarrier solutions: from pathology to nanomedicine.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Drugging the 'undruggable' KRAS: breakthroughs, challenges, and opportunities in pancreatic cancer.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of KRAS wild-type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas reveals precursor lesions with oncogenic mutations and fusions in RAS pathway genes.The Journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Elevated KRAS protein level is associated with better survival in pancreatic cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Elucidating Ras protein as a dual therapeutic target for inflammation and cancer: a review.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Molecular Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognostication of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Preoperative Prognostic Factors in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: State of the Art and Prospects.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Review
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThere is no molecular biomarker available in the clinical practice to assess the prognosis of advanced pancreatic carcinoma. This multicenter prospective study aimed to investigate the role of KRAS mutation subtypes within the primary tumor to determine the prognosis of advanced pancreatic cancer.
methodsThe exon-2 KRAS mutation status was tested on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy material (primary tumor; restriction fragment-length polymorphism plus sequencing and TaqMan allelic discrimination) of patients with proven locally advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic ductal carcinoma. We used the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox's model to evaluate the impact of KRAS status on the overall survival (OS), adjusting for age, stage of disease, clinical performance status, CA 19-9 levels, and treatment.
resultsA total of 219 patients (men: 116; mean age: 67±9.4 years) were included: 147 harbored a codon-12 KRAS mutation (G12D: 73; G12V: 53; G12R: 21) and 72 had a wild-type KRAS. There was no difference in the OS between patients with a mutant KRAS (8 months; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 8.7-12.3) and the wild-type (9 months; 95% CI: 8.7-12.8; hazard ratio (HR): 1.03; P=0.82). However, the patients with a G12D mutation had a significantly shorter OS (6 months; 95% CI: 6.4-9.7) compared with the other patients (OS: 9 months; 95% CI: 10-13; HR: 1.47; P=0.003; i.e., wild type: 9 months, G12V: 9 months, G12R: 14 months). Similar results were observed in the subgroup of 162 patients who received chemotherapy (HR: 1.66; P=0.0013; G12D (n=49): 8 months, wild type (n=56): 10 months, G12V (n=38): 10 months, G12R (n=19): 14 months). Multivariate analyses identified KRAS G12D as an independent predictor for worse prognosis within the entire series (HR: 1.44; P=0.01) and in the subgroup of patients that received chemotherapy (HR: 1.84; P=0.02).
conclusionsThe KRAS G12D mutation subtype is an independent prognostic marker for advanced pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Codon and amino-acid-specific mutations of KRAS should be considered when evaluating the prognoses as well as in trials testing drugs that target RAS and downstream RAS pathways.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.