Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27009631›Full record

Observational studyPreventive medicine2016

Vegetable protein intake is associated with lower gallbladder disease risk: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative prospective cohort.

Eric M Lander, Betsy C Wertheim, Stephanie M Koch, Zhao Chen, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Cynthia A Thomson

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Preventive medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Eric M LanderUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States. Electronic address: lander@email.arizona.edu.
Betsy C WertheimUniversity of Arizona Cancer Center, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245017, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
Stephanie M KochUniversity of Arizona Cancer Center, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245017, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
Zhao ChenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, 1295 N. Martin, PO Box 245211, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
Chiu-Hsieh HsuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, 1295 N. Martin, PO Box 245211, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
Cynthia A ThomsonDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, 3950 S. Country Club, Suite 330, Tucson, AZ 85714, United States.

Funding

VITAMIN AP30CA023074 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI Dan Theodorescu · 1985 to 2026
$110.2M
VANGUARD CENTER FOR WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVEN01WH032115 · WH · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI BASSFORD, TAMSEN E · 1993 to 2000
$196k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023074NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100046CNIA NIH HHS HHSN271201100004CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004CWHI NIH HHS N01 WH032115
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to measure associations between gallbladder disease and protein intake patterns, separated by quantity and type (vegetable vs. animal), among postmenopausal women.

methodsAnalyses were based on 130,859 postmenopausal women enrolled from 1993 to 1998 at 40 U.S. clinical centers in the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials and observational study. Women were excluded if they reported a history of gallbladder disease prior to baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for gallbladder disease risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between energy-adjusted protein intake and gallbladder disease.

resultsIn this study sample, 8.1% of postmenopausal women self-reported incident gallbladder disease. In multivariate analysis, women in the highest quintile of energy-adjusted vegetable protein intake (>24.0g/d) had a lower risk of gallbladder disease (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.93) as compared to women in the lowest quintile (<16.3g/d) (Ptrend<0.001). Total protein intake was modestly protective against gallbladder disease (Ptrend<0.021). Animal protein intake was not associated with gallbladder disease risk. The protective effect of vegetable protein held stable only for women without history of diabetes (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80-0.92) and without recent weight loss (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97).

conclusionsVegetable protein intake is inversely associated with gallbladder disease risk in our sample of postmenopausal women. In addition to weight management, healthcare providers could emphasize vegetable protein as an additional dietary modality to promote lower risk for gallbladder disease.

Indexed as

DietGallbladder DiseasesPlant Proteins, DietaryPostmenopauseWomen's HealthAgedFemaleHumansMiddle AgedModels, StatisticalObservational Studies as TopicProteinsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsSelf ReportSurveys and QuestionnairesPlant Proteins, DietaryProteinsAnimal proteinDietGallbladderGallbladder diseaseGallstoneProteinProtein intake patternsVegetable protein

Identifiers

PMID27009631
PMCPMC4902749

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.